The long-term There were many occasions when a major change could have New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article [29] His name has also been transcribed as lushn ()[14] or Ylushn (),[15][16][17] and he was posthumously named Prince La of Yan () by his deputy Shi Siming. However, the Timurid Empire would not long survive its maker. An, caught by surprise of the Emperor's retreat, had Cui advance slowly into Chang'an, even though the Tang mayor of Chang'an, Cui Guangyuan (), offered to surrender. An Lushan Rebellion. Morton, W. Scott, and Charlton M. Lewis. [19][22], On his side, Matsui Hitoshi, noting that nothing in the historical records provides hard evidence of Sogdian origin and that An Lushan was living at Yingzhou, a settlement of Kumo Xi and Khitan people, suggests that "Perhaps [An Lushan's father] might have been of Khitan origin. WebIn the course of the conflicts, Timurs armies are estimated to have been responsible for the deaths of approximately 5% of the human population across Asia, Africa, and Europe. Wikimedia Commons. The Revolt of An Lushan. In 755, when Zhang Xun was in the prime of his life, the Tang Golden Age was shattered. The rebellion was originally led by An Lushan, a general officer of the Tang military system. Although it is difficult to Pretty much anything involving "worlds deadliest" will have taken place in China. This page was last edited on 18 June 2021, at 09:30. [14] In 742, Xuanzong further promoted Pinglu Army to be a military circuit, making An its military governor (jiedushi). While the dynasty survived after the rebellions end in 763, the Tang empire was never the same again. for controlling the Khitan and Xi and surrounding area. But in his sickness and blindness An became ill-tempered and paranoid, and would flog or even murder his servants if they had caused him any displeasure. At that time, Tang aristocrats no longer favored military careers, and the Tang dynasty relied on foreign-born generals to occupy major military commands. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. an lushan rebellion death toll percentagehow to cite creative commons in powerpoint. [37] However, this figure is contested for various reasons, and scholars attribute part of the "deaths" (the count being derived from the difference in population according to the Tang census before and after the rebellion) to a breakdown in Tang taxation and census gathering. The power of the jiedushi, or provincial military governors, increased greatly after imperial troops crushed the rebels, taking administrative power away from the scholar-officials. What would come would devastate China, and millions would perish in its wake, resulting in one of the most brutal and cataclysmic rebellions on human history. Hearing news of Chang'an's fall, Guo and Li Guangbi withdrew to Lingwu, allowing Shi to again pacify the region north of the Yellow River and east of the Taihang Mountains with exception of pockets held by Yan Zhenqing and other Tang officials under his command. Yang then attacked some of An's staff and associates, including having the mayor of Jingzhao arrest An's friend Li Chao () and others, and executing them secretly. fubing (garrison soldiery) system of soldier-cultivators, in which soldiers east provinces and lost 25 to 30 percent of the tax base. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion (755763 ce) was an dealt a death blow to the cost-effective . Pulleyblank, Edwin G. "The An Lushan Rebellion and the Origins of Chronic Militarism in Late T'ang China," in Perry, John Curtis, and Bardwell L. Smith. This page was last edited on 27 December 2022, at 14:50. sleeperul. Wikimedia Commons. An Lushan Rebellion. An subsequently submitted a petition on their behalf, claiming that the accusations from Yang Guozhong were false, but Emperor Xuanzong took no actions against either An or Yang Guozhong.[36]. He escaped from the city and joined the Tang army as a mercenary. 2. Spanning multiple theaters of war, including Western and Eastern Europe, North Africa, and the Pacific, the Second World War saw France occupied by Germany in 1940, Japan attack the United States in 1941, and Russia betrayed by Germany only to rally and ultimately capture Berlin in 1945. Emperor Xuanzong was pleased by the comical situation and rewarded both Consort Yang and An greatly. 142,000+. The long and short is no: the An Lushan Rebellion did not kill a major percentage of the Earth's population. The An Lushan Rebellion Chinese territory increased enormously and the in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. Originally a secret member of the Golden Turtles, the Chinese branch of the Order of the Ancients, his bitter feud with Yang Guozhong over leadership of the Golden Turtles spilled out into court While the dynasty survived after the rebellions end in 763, the Tang empire was never the same again. He bowed, but Emperor Xuanzong, believing him to be honest, favored him even more. 336 BC323 BC. Thereafter, on one occasion, he bowed to Consort Yang first before bowing to Emperor Xuanzong, stating, "Barbarians bow to mothers first before fathers." [15][16], Sources conflict about An Lushan's biological father's origin and surname; for example, as to whether An Lushan's father had the surname Kang or not:[17] he took the name of An from his stepfather An Yanyan. Drives me nuts. Even Yan Zhuang and Li Zhu'er were said to be hit frequently. After reaching Sichuan, Xuanzong abdicated in favor of the crown prince, who was proclaimed Suzong. By this time, it was clear that the new dynasty would be short-lived, and generals and soldiers alike began to defect to the Tang army. An Lushan next set out to take the Tang capital and the rest of southern China before the Tang forces could recover. Roberts, Oxford University Press (2000), The Hundred Years War, Vol. An Lushan was of Sogdian and Gktrk origin,[5][6][7][8][9][10] at least by adoption. WebThe rebellion took an estimated 20 million lives, and the French and British eventually had to intervene to help the Qing restore order. Censuses taken in the half-century before the rebellion show a gradual increase in population, with the last census undertaken before the rebellion, that of 755, recording a population of 52,919,309 in 8,914,709 taxpaying households. In 1644, after decades of famine, floods, and economic woes, the impasse was broken when the Ming suffered an internal rebellion led by Li Zicheng. What is a crown prince?" To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here: The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia: Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed. WebThe death toll of the rebellion according to various sources (http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat0.htm#AnLushan), including suppression and famine, is estimated to be about 36 million. Wang Wei, born in 699 A.D., served in the Tang court, but wrote many of his most famous poems from a Buddhist monastery, where he took up study following a rebellion that led to the death of his wife. The Three Kingdoms as of 262 CE. This rebellion involved the death of some 1336 million people, making it one of the deadliest wars in history. You should realize many of the bloodiest wars in history took place within China, which is partly just due to the population of China being historically greater than most other regions. The Battle of Anqing (1861), by Wu Youru (c. 1886). [35] In spring 754, Yang asserted, to the Emperor, that An was set on rebelling, an accusation Yang had made before. Seeing the imminent threat to Changan, Xuanzong fled to Sichuan with his household. Censuses taken in the half-century before the rebellion show a gradual increase in population, with the last census undertaken before the rebellion, that of 755, recording a population of 52,919,309 in 8,914,709 taxpaying households. With the army on the verge of mutiny, the Emperor had no choice but to agree, ordering the execution of Yang Guozhong and the suicide of Lady Yang. Atlantic Slave Trade (Death Toll Estimate: 15 Million) 13. An Lushan's forces were blocked from the main imperial capital at Chang'an by loyal troops placed in impregnable defensive positions in the intervening mountain passes, until Yang Guozhong, in a grossly inept military judgment, ordered the troops in the passes to attack An's army on open ground. In 750 he was honored with the title of Prince, and in 751 he was made the military governor of Hotung. As a result, the deputy ministers of civil service, Song Yao () and Miao Jinqing were demoted. The toll of dead and missing, including those who died by suppression and famine, is estimated at up to thirty-six million, or two-thirds of the total population on the It is the world's most populous country, with a population of more than 1.4 billion. By this time, he was even more obese than before, and Emperor Xuanzong, on one occasion, jokingly asked him, "What does this barbaric belly contain?" Zhong, Han. It was in many ways your standard, textbook peasant uprising resulting from all the usual markers of a dynastic decline: famine, natural catastrophe, burdensome taxation, eunuch corruption, and what have you. With his victory, An Lushan proclaimed himself the first emperor of the Yan Dynasty. It is estimated to have caused the death of thirty-six million people, due to battle, oppression and famine. A rare example I could find was a direct question on that subject in an episode on the rebellion by BBC's In Our Time. An Lushan rose through the ranks of the Tang-dynasty The Lushan rebellion was a fierce uprising against the Tang Dynasty between the years 755 and 763 CE (Hansen 63). The Tang dynasty was severely weakened in 755 by the An Lushan Rebellion, which swept China into a seven year long civil war, and ultimately resulted in a collapse of border defences. I had only known about Your Imperial Majesty, and not that there is such a thing as a reserve emperor." TIL that, in terms of global population, the deadliest conflict of all time was the [40], When Yan forces captured Tong Pass, Emperor Xuanzong and Yang, in panic, abandoned Chang'an and fled toward Shu Commandery (, roughly modern Chengdu, Sichuan). Please consider Clicking Here for RemindMeBot, or using these alternatives. This means the rebellion of one general killed between 5% and 16% of all humans alive at the time. After being intercepted escaping, the Yan Emperor committed suicide to avoid capture thus ending the rebellion. WebIts death toll is estimated to be between 5% and one-sixth of the world's total population at the time. 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