But in this second war, which began in 1527, Charles was destined to win an even greater victory. Monarchies used to rule the world. They provided the basis for the elegant architectural style developed by Christopher Wren (16321723) later in the century. In the aftermath of Marignano, Francis took the duchy of Milan, and Pope Leo X(14751521; reigned 151321) gave him neighboring Parma and Piacenza. But Medina-Sidonia made a fatal mistake on the night of August 7. Trait 1: +3% Troop Health. But after the duke was defeated and killed in a battle in 1477, Louis was able to reunite Burgundy with France. In 1643 the king dismissed him and appointed his nephew Lus de Haro as the new chief minister. Charles also continued the war against France in Italy. Ferdinand and Isabella first waged war against the Moorish kingdom of Granada, on the southern end of the peninsula. In 1601 he attempted to stage a coup (overthrow of government) that would oust Cecil's party and put his own party in power around the queen. Margaret was exiled to France, and Henry lived the rest of his life imprisoned in the Tower of London (a prison for members of the royalty and nobility). the emperor's wishes. For years Elizabeth gave her protection in England, even though Mary was in line for the English throne because she was a granddaughter of King James IV (14731513; ruled 14881513) of Scotland and Margaret Tudor (14891514). Portugal was a rival of Spain during the age of exploration and discovery. In May 1588 the Spanish Armada set out from Lisbon, but storms forced the fleet into La Corua in northwestern Spain. Originally employed as a designer of costumes and stage sets, Jones was commissioned by James to erect a new Banqueting House in Whitehall. By that time Germanic tribes, called the Visigoths, had carved up Spain The Armada was doomed when a powerful storm, which the English called the "Great Protestant Wind," swept through the Channel. scholars. But Francis would never again be as successful as he was at the end of 1516. "The Rise of Monarchies: France, England, and Spain In the period following the discoveries and conquests of the Spanish and Portuguese, geographic expansion was accomplished by the English, French, and Dutch. In 771, Charlemagne became king of the Franks, a Germanic tribe in present-day Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the . Feudalism began to decline in the eleventh century with the rise of capitalism, an economy based on investing money and earning profits from business ventures. Thus began the Burgundy dynasty. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Known as William the Silent, he was the ruler of Orange, a province in southeastern France. Francis was a dashing figure, a man of immense charm who had a lust for life. His men won a few There have been hundreds, if not thousands, of different kingdoms throughout history. Philip the Fair was followed by three sons, each of whom reigned only briefly and left no direct male heirs. According to the terms of the agreement, the Catholic Church in France came under direct control of the French crown. Edward Tudor (15371553; ruled 154753) was the youngest, but as a male he had the strongest claim to be ruler. After winning several major battles, the Moors conquered the Visigoth capital of Toledo in 712 and soon pushed the Germanic lords and their armies into the northern frontiers of Spain. Many of the natives near these garrisons were forced to convert to Christianity. The Jews therefore welcomed the invading Moors in 711. Charles had firmly consolidated In 1577 Requesens was replaced by John of Austria. Which commander is known as Barbarossa? Joanna and Philip were proclaimed queen and king of Castile in 1504, but Ferdinand did not approve of the situation. The conflic, Catherine de' Medici During a famous confrontation with the emperor, the German priest refused to budge on his controversial views. The English were given an increased sense of national pride by the Treaty of Troyes (1420). The soldiers were equally angrynot at the pope but at Charlesbecause they had not received their wages. The king's announcement also offered a reward of 25,000 ducats (coins used in various European countries) for the capture of William of Orange. During Elizabeth's reign England also began emerging as a great sea power, which eventually gave rise to the expansion of the British Empire over the next three centuries. The destruction was so great that the invasion was delayed for a year. Rise of Kingdoms is a mobile MMO real-time strategy game inspired by history. 3. In yet another change of mind, many noblemen began demanding that Charles's brother Ferdinand be named king. On December 24, 1568, Moriscos in Granada staged a rebellion and fought royal armies for nearly two years. Their era produced one of the greatest cultures in the world and led to the creation of the British Empire in later centuries. The noblemen of Castile opposed the marriage because they knew a strong monarchy would Although he lived in exile, he was considered the king. When it was released back in 2018, the numbers were good. About one hundred thousand fled to Portugal, but they were soon driven out because Portugal had entered into an alliance with Spain. Calling themselves Comuneros and supported by practically all levels of society, they demanded that no foreigners be appointed to government positions. The English Parliament, the central law-making body of England, declared Edward to be King Edward IV in 1461 (ruled 146170 and 147183). on a 12 second timer, and questions 11 - 15 are on a 10 second. In 1485 Henry's forces defeated Richard's armies at the Battle of Bosworth Field. He realized that England did not have the financial resources to fund any involvement in a war. In 1620 Frederick lost the throne of Bohemia (he was nicknamed the "Winter King" because he ruled for only one winter) and was stripped of all his territories in the Holy Roman Empire. Specifically, the issue was whether the king had the right to appoint bishops (heads of church districts) without the pope's approval. The three main conflicts were the Edwardian War (134060), won by English king Edward III; the Caroline War (136989), won by French king Charles V (13371380; ruled 136480); and the Lancastrian War (141535), won by French king Charles VII (14031461; ruled 142261). Charles then turned toward Italy, landed in Sicily in August, and advanced with ease toward the Alps. Yet the treaty was ineffective because the French almost immediately began giving aid to the Netherlands. Almost from the beginning, things went wrong with the complicated Spanish plan. Renaissance ideas became dominant in England in the 1530s, during the reign of King Henry VIII. Taking advantage of the civil war between the Orlanists and the Burgundians, Henry invaded France in 1415. In a dozen voyages from 1603 until 1633, Champlain discovered the easternmost Great Lakes, Huron and Ontario; founded the city of Quebec; and served as commandant of France's new colonial territories, which were called New France. In 1559 Elizabeth restored the Anglican Church, taking the title Supreme Governor of the Church. Earlier they had been great centers of learning and the arts, but now the great monastic libraries were divided and sent to other On March 30, 1492, heeding the advice of Torquemada, the king and queen ordered all Jews to leave Spanish territory by July 30. The war between Spain and France continued until 1559, when Italy was placed under Habsburg rule by the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrsis. In order to reduce the influence of noblemen who had opposed their marriage, the monarchs placed municipal (city) and local governments under royal control. Christians were becoming impatient because only a few Moriscos had actually converted. The meme disagrees with this statement and uses Israel as an example. The Rise of Monarchies: France, England, and Spain In an effort to prevent this outcome, Ferdinand brought Charles's younger brother, Ferdinand, from Flanders to Spain. Columbus was of course mistaken: he had landed somewhere in the Bahamas, in the Caribbean Sea. His greatest enemy was Charles the Bold (14331477; ruled 146777), duke of Burgundy, who ruled Burgundy virtually as an independent state. King John I (c. 13571433; ruled 13851433) was the founder of the powerful Aviz dynasty. Henry VIII is now considered the true Renaissance prince. William responded with a document that accused Philip of incest (having sexual relations with family members), adultery (having sexual relations outside marriage), and the murders of both Carlos and Elizabeth of Valois. By 1503 the French were once again driven out of Italy, and the Spanish took possession of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. All ROK Peerless Scholar answers are provided below so that you can pass the Preliminary, Midterm, and Final Exams. He was not interested in intellectual affairs, though his mother, Margaret Beaufort (14431509), countess of Richmond and Derby, did provide patronage for During the next four years, however, the war with Spain went poorly for Francis. France and Germany were both once part of what Kingdom? In the New World, Spanish conquistadors accomplished the "taming of America" by subduing various Native American groups. France and Germany were both once part of what Kingdom? They made the European discovery of the Cape of Good Hope, Brazil, and Labrador. As both the Holy Roman Emperor and the king of Spain, Charlesat the age of twenty-twowas now the most powerful man in Christendom (the term then used for Europe). Francia was never a country except to those living far enough outside it they never had to visit, the Arabs and Romans in particular (which is why 'Frank' still denotes all Westerners in Greek and Arabic, but not in German or French). Charles saw this as a chance to occupy Naples, so he marched his army into Italy. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like During the fourteenth century, serfdom decreased in eastern Europe and increased in western Europe T o F, The Renaissance is part of the era that historians call the "medieval" period. These two buildings introduced to England the classical style of such Italian Renaissance architects as Andrea Palladio (15081580). John IV ushered in Portugal's silver age, the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, when the wealth of Brazil once more made Lisbon one of the most brilliant European capitals. His troops annihilated Swiss mercenaries hired by Massimiliano Sforza (14931530), duke of Milan (see "Milan" in Chapter 2). Players also can switch to France at any given time as long as they have Civilization Change token available. Both Somerset and Warwick approved of further reform in the church. Originally, the Hudson Bay, the Hudson River, and the river valley were settled by the Dutch, who controlled entrance to the river at the fortress town of New Amsterdam, on what is now Manhattan Island. Although Elizabeth had encountered numerous problems during her long reign, she showed an uncanny ability to retain the love of her people. Now he accepted a number of Lutheran doctrines, such as rejection of the pope as God's sole representative on Earth. The two great civilizations of the New World, the Aztecs and the Incas, were conquered by these explorers, who killed the native leaders and placed themselves in the existing top social class. Charles lost control of Sicily in 1306, at the end of a twenty-year conflict called the War of the Sicilian Vespers (see "War of the Sicilian Vespers" in Chapter 2). ." At first the Capetians' control over the other duchies of France was mostly in name only because many were semi-independent kingdoms. During the invasion Charles's troops had sacked Rome and stormed Clement's residence. Other than that, if you value combat above all else, the German, Britain, Korea and Arabia civilizations are the ones for you. During the reign of Francis I, French explorers became part of the age of European exploration, one of the great achievements not only of the Renaissance period but also in Western history. The Netherlands had always been the Spanish territory closest to Charles's heart, and many noblemen wept during his speech. He won a decisive victory at Agincourt (now Azincourt), a village in northern France, and instantly became a hero in England. The Catalans also had the right to raise their own army to defend themselves, as well as the right to refuse to quarter foreign troops, including Castilian, on their own soil. The Rise of Monarchies: France, England, and SpainOne of the most significant developments in the three centuries leading up to the Renaissance period was the collapse of feudalism. The only way another country could reach the Indies would be by a western route. James could not prevent Parliament from voting funds for a campaign against Spain. When Louis died in 1515, Francis became king. The troubled young man was finally locked away in a tower, where he went on a series of hunger strikes and died later in the year. They had used the borrowed money to bribe imperial electors, the voting representatives who selected Charles as emperor. In 1527 Henry began demanding a divorce from Catherine so he could marry Anne Boleyn (c. 15071536), an attendant in the court of Queen Claude of France. In 1266 King Charles I of France (Charles of Anjou; 12271285; ruled 126685), the youngest brother of King Louis IX, took the thrones of Naples and Sicily (called the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies). execution of Louis XVI. He believed he had left to his son, King Philip III (15781621; ruled 15981621), a nation relatively free from international difficulties. In late 1520, Francis secretly backed an assault on Luxembourg He recalled Alba and replaced him with Luis de Requesens (pronounced ray-kay-SAINS; Please use CTRL+F to search for questions as well as answer, this table contains both English and Vietnamese QA pairs: 1. One by one the Spanish ships broke their cables and headed for open water. Shortly after the death of Henry V, Charles VII (14031461; ruled 142261), who was Charles VI's son, slowly began to regain French territories from the English. Complete disaster awaited Francis at Pavia, a city near Milan, in February 1525. The Jesuit missionary Jacques Marquette (16371675), on a 1673 expedition to carry traders and goods into New France's fur-trapping country, discovered a new North American river, the Mississippi, and descended it all the way to the mouth of the Arkansas River before returning. 1,200-year-old bones found in Aachen Cathedral in Germany believed to belong to Charlemagne, King of the Franks. Francis had grown up in the court of King Louis XII and was called the dauphin. The Peerless Scholar has three stages: preliminary, midterm, and final exam. As the Renaissance moved north of Italy in the fifteenth century, northern and central Europe was even more fragmented. The English Protestant queen, Elizabeth I, was worried about the Catholic advance in the Low Countries. Renaissance thought emphasized pursuit of the arts and sciences, the achievement of personal glory, and commercial expansion. The reign of Charles and his family, the Anjous, was called the Angevin (pronounced AHN-jeh-vehn) dynasty. Only 18 of the original 250 sailors survived Magellan's voyage, which was the first to circle the entire globe.
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