Get a downloadable, printable version that you can read later. A health belief system has four key components: perceived susceptibility. Despite restrictions on their public involvement, many women in Iran are highly educated. Permission is granted subject to the terms of the License under which the work was published. Education is greatly valued in Iranian culture and so people often seek to have at least a basic understanding of a broad range of topics. Across most households, elders are deeply respected and cared for. Culture is a tool that its members use to assure their survival and well-being, as well as provide meaning to life. Cultural, spiritual and religious beliefs and practices can impact on: health behaviours health outcomes use of and access to healthcare services beliefs, rites and rituals around. Traditions, cultural values, attitudes and behaviors help in children's rearing in the society and relays the family structure from generation to generation [ 7 ]. They invite a great number of guests for the wedding day. In this article, we proceed from the perspective advocated by Ahmadi and Ahmadi (Citation2018). A Minor Leap Down, an Iranian film featured at international film festivals in Berlin and Toronto, illustrates the struggle of a 30-year-old Iranian woman named Nahal, whose deteriorating mental health is undermined by her family. This is usually to protect conservative parents from worrying. This being said, most families seek to encourage individuals to be independent. It seems that making decision for cesarean is done under the influence of cultural perceptions and beliefs. Figure 1, presented by Ahmadi and Ahmadi (Citation2018), depicts the relation between religious, spiritual and secular existential coping observed in our project. The study highlights the importance of investigating cultural and social context when exploring the use of the meaning-making coping strategies in different countries. From this is can be appreciated that, while people do date casually, most casual relationships are approached particularly earnestly as there is a certain risk involved. Family beliefs define what you think is essential and what is good. We don't wish to prevent doctors from practising in line with their beliefs and values, as long as they also follow the guidance in Good medical practice. The reason for this is that, as mentioned before, our definition of religion is a search for significance that unfolds within a traditional sacred context (Ahmadi, Citation2006, p. 72). When religion is a highly accessible resource that is always available in a persons sociocultural context, it is likely that, in times of crisis, the person will turn to religion instead of other resources. (p. 12). In fact, there are just as many ways of being Iranian and religious, as there are Iranians. They help teach kids the difference between right and wrong. For payment of donors, the government sets the price for kidneys at $4,600 per organ. 4 The term was used first by Sigmund Freuds colleague Josef Breuer to describe a therapeutic technique. her figure and her hair. All these things calm me down and give me strength. Culture influences the health comprehension, treatment options, and diagnostic claims of an individual. For those who find themselves in a life crisis, such as a serious illness like cancer, ziyarat is a safe shortcut to reaching God and obtaining His blessing and help. The cultural interpretation of the religion has been traditionally open-minded, making allowances for liberal behaviour and improvements in womens rights. Iranian culture is one of the oldest in the region, and it has influenced cultures like Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Russia, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia. The study was based on qualitative research. Designing effective health interventions for managing early marriage needs to apply the community-based approaches. The participants confirmed large cultural differences in doctor-patient communication when encountering Iranian and Swedish patients. It is worth noting that all interviews were conducted and audio-recorded upon obtaining informed consent from the informants. Passive Religious Deferral refers to passive waiting for God to control the situation. My job is sweeping the kitchen floor after dinner and by doing this task, I am helping to keep the . However, it has received less attention from policymakers and health researchers in Iran. Iran recognises Zoroastrian, Jewish, and Christian religious minorities, among others. Moreover, it was explained to all potential informants that the research is part of an international study aimed at identifying the strategies patients use to cope with their illness; participation was voluntary; participants could withdraw at any time or from any part of the research without any consequences for themselves; the data are kept confidential; and the research reports have been presented and published without mentioning the participants name or representative characteristics. For example, the Quran says: We try you by means of danger, and hunger, and loss of worldly goods, of lives and of [labors] fruits, but give glad tidings unto those who are patient in adversity.Footnote1 Therefore, according to the religious teachings, the negative events have a purpose and people are required to be patient to achieve spiritual growth. August 12, 2011. Completely surrounded by God, I put myself and my destiny in His hands. The history of the Italian people, their . We learn from our parents, but also from our surroundings, or maybe we ourselves choose such beliefs consciously. As such, women are expected to cover up anything that could be considered an erotic provocateur to avoid unwanted public attention i.e. In first interactions with a stranger on the street, one may find that a taxi driver is, in fact, an expert on architecture, or a colleague can explain the complex history of countries theyve never visited. Inscriptions from the Achaemenid Persian Empire (c. 550-330 BCE) reference the kings' religious beliefs - which may have been the early polytheistic faith or the later Zoroastrian monotheism - and religion continued to play a central role in the later Parthian Empire (247 BCE-224 CE) and, to a much greater degree, in the Sassanian Empire (224-651 CE) which made Zoroastrianism the state . We will present these methods in another article. People generally had more the freedom of choice and expression over, for example, whether they wished to pray or wear a hijab. Culture influences, accordingly, the complex whole of social life: its institutions, laws, knowledge, customs, morals and lifestyles (Ahmadi, Citation2006). After recruitment of the sample, interview times were chosen based on the participants preferences. While this is statistically unlikely to happen, it is a consideration that affects behaviour. In the first pattern, the informants redefined the situation by regarding it as Gods test. Knowing what you value will help you build the most meaningful life possible. Mixing of males and females only really occurs within families or closely knit circles of friends. The Iranian people have a record of practising quite a progressive form of Shia Islam. We found two patterns. Show abstract. Breuer developed what he referred to as a cathartic treatment for hysteria. The notion that illness is a test imposed on us by God is an old one. No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors. Serkeh: Vinegar symbolizes age and patience. Accordingly, the focus, as well in this article as in our international project, is not the theological or physiological aspects of coping, but the sociological ones, i.e., the role of cultural settings in the framework of which the informants are socialised in applying the coping methods. They verified the process of coding and categorisation. . The more humility a person shows, the less likely they are to be criticised. I remembered we had learned during the religious lessons at school that the first chapter of the Quran that was sent to the Prophet was Recite. Then Recite became the core of my meditations and illustrations. I think He has listened. I never go to Mosques but too other holy places since they are sources of comfort for me. One 41-year-old man explained this: We have a responsibility to act. perceived benefits. Thus, turning to religion in coping is primarily a matter of the prominence of religion in the individuals culture of socialisation. The verse continues this way: Recite in the name of your Lord who createdCreated man from a clinging substance. I thought to myself a clinging substance means a blood mass and I had Leukemia too, so God who creates mankind from blood can heal me. View. It is the same with the saints and Imams. perceived barriers to health. (Bhardwaj, Citation1998, p. 72). I can talk to Him, even talk to the saints. Furthermore, ethnic minorities tend to have distinctive forms of social organisation that are sometimes more collectivistic. If a father or brother knows of a girls boyfriend, they may pretend that they are oblivious to that knowledge. Another coping method in this category is Punishing God Reappraisal. Nevertheless, much of the population shares the benefits of the middle class. The perceived role of God in illness and recovery is a primary influence upon the health care beliefs and behaviors of American Muslims, a first-of-its-kind study has discovered. Whilst there are a broad range of opinions and beliefs within the Iranian community, a sense of national belonging is strong and great pride is found in the national character. Families are also usually the basis for peoples social and business network. Being struck by a serious illness like cancer can result in the loss of confidence and security in life. Get the help you need from a therapist near youa FREE service from Psychology Today. The Persians were only one of these tribes who settled in the territory of Persis (also Parsa, modern-day Fars) which would give them their name. Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the cultural factors that have an impact on military nursing care for Iraqi patients. Spiritual Connection means experiencing a sense of connectedness with forces that transcend the individual as a coping method to gain comfort. Still, when religion plays a predominant role as a coping resource, this is often because the individual has few or limited other alternatives available in his/her immediate sociocultural context. In above citation, we see a passive approach to facing ones illness and totally relying on God. This ensures that the households name is not implicated with trouble and their honour is protected. They are also sometimes taught early that the protection of family honour also resides with them. They ensure civil law and court decisions abide by the principles of Islam, and are generally highly conservative. interviewed women who visited the health care centers in Ahvaz, Iran, in an effort to understand the determinants of early marriage . The criteria suggested by Lincoln and Guba (Citation1985) were utilised in the current research to ensure trustworthiness. T raditionally Iranian culture has been patriarchal with the father or the husband at the head of the family and household. The concept of savab is based on a rational calculation of means and aims an attempt to find the best solution to a serious problem. When our interviewees talked about ziyarat, they often referred to visiting his holy shrine. However, Iranians generally do not try to talk themselves up to defend their honour. Relation of existential meaning-making domains. It is a common belief that these actions are good actions that satisfy God and pursue Him to help them. In the current paper, based on the study carried out in Iran, only the results on religious coping methods will be presented. This changed as the Islamic Republic legally enforced the separation of genders and placed extreme restrictions on women. Jul 2018. between religion, personal values or beliefs, and a professional clinical judgement. Article. Here believing in the evil eye was in focus. Such habitual practices are not straightforwardly religious, but emerge from a powerful amalgamation of religious superstitions and ancient cultural beliefs. In our study, we found a tendency toward using these habits as coping strategies to gain comfort and closeness to God. Somaq: It is a Persian spice that represents sunlight. We pay our respects to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander custodians past, present and emerging. 7. culture and values, Nigerians progressively imbibed the white-men's way of life and values (Nwabuisi, 2000). There remains a great deal of protection around girls in this regard. As mentioned before, sacred here is not defined in a religious context, but an inwardly sanctification context. Many people use humour to criticise their leaders through doublespeak, and share their theories of scandal and corruption with strangers. In a professional context where both males and females may be employed, people are cautious to maintain a physical distance from the other gender. The concepts and topics of spirituality and secular meaning-making coping also overlap, but there is no overlap between secular and religious concepts and topics. This religious governance directly affects the public, political, economic and legal aspects of people's lives. Attributions and adjustment by cancer patients, Attitude of patients living in Switzerland about cancer and its treatment, Positive psychology from Islamic perspective, Pilgrimage and its dual functions in Iranian Shiitsm, Beliefs about causes of cancer in cancer patients, Uppsala University, Department of Theology, The many methods of religious coping: Development and initial validation of the RCOPE. Here we present the results on Religious Coping Methods. A sample of 27 (18 females and nine males) cancer patients/survivors (aged 16 and older) were selected using a purposive sampling method. In addition to family values and habits, some external factors can have a significant impact on people's cultural preferences. Staying Single: What Most People Do If They Divorce After 50. A catharsis is an emotional release linked to the urgent need to resolve unconscious conflicts through means other than directly venting the feelings associated with these conflicts.Footnote4. As it seems, believing that imams have outwardly powers, that visiting imams tombs ziyarat means nearing the source of the divine, and that through ziyarat they gain rewards savab has brought about the kind of psychological confidence and security that our informants needed while facing a serious life crisis. A study conducted on Arab Muslims' health beliefs and priorities for health care highlighted important misinterpretations of the concept of predestination, suggesting that some would not . He gave me my life and He can take it back. Iranian culture is patriarchal, legally and culturally males have more rights and privileges than females. Cultural values are a culture's core beliefs about what's good or right. We find two patterns regarding such connectedness. Most Iranian expats living in Australia are likely to have a more progressive understanding of womens rights as many arrive fleeing the harsh policies of the Iranian government. You might choose a career based on your family culture by picking something you know your family values. First, following the process recommended by the World Health Organization (Citation2017), the original interview questions were translated into Persian by a psychology researcher whose mother tongue is Persian. Some citizens are challenging the government through acts of civil resistance (knowingly breaking the law) because the restrictions are much more authoritarian and paternalistic than what many Iranians desire and believe is true to Islam. Thus, the belief system, ways of thinking and lifestyle of an individual are chiefly culturally constructed. Iran recognises Zoroastrian, Jewish, and Christian religious minorities, among others. One of the methods in this category is Benevolent Religious Reappraisal: using religion to redefine the stressor as benevolent and potentially beneficial. Generally, families with higher educations will be more open-minded regarding the mothers and fathers contribution to the household dynamic. In many studies in the field of coping, the terms religious and spiritual have been used to address coping methods that are essentially based on existential issues. It has had a Muslim majority population for centuries and so the culture is deeply characterised by its strong Islamic influence. 5 Spiritual Practices That Increase Well-Being. The country faces the common problem of other young . The whole life, since our birth, we are socialised to believe in saints. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. Rather, the distinctive Persian identity engenders a strong sense of pride and belonging among its people. The government also provides donors with free health insurance, and the patients sometimes give an additional donation to donors. ,islamic council of queensland,haram,providers,guide,handbook,islamic,food beliefs,caring for muslim patients,Islamic beliefs affecting health care The overall international project has focused on studying these three main meaning-making coping methods and how culture may affect use of these methods. . Beliefs are the tenets or convictions that people hold to be true. I think one thing that helped me was to walk this path alone. The way this is done will depend on the individual The Cultural Atlas team acknowledges the Traditional Owners of the lands throughout Australia on whose country we have the privilege to live and work. Cultural beliefs affect health and wellness through the information that it provides for its people. TEHRAN, Nov. 18 (MNA) - According to PersianRestaurant.org, food culture is the practices, attitudes, and beliefs surrounding the production, distribution, and consumption of food. Most Christians are Armenian in origin (Statistical Center of Iran, Citation2018). Individuals' families also play a role in the way health is perceived. These fundamental beliefs vary from household to household and society to society-and even from time to time throughout history. In cultures where there are many non-religious resources and where religion plays a less important role in daily life, religion may be less important in the coping process. Most of the participants were Shia Muslims. Some people believe ziyarat has undeniable positive effects on their wellbeing, mental health and behaviour. Sharifian (Citation2011) focused on the case of cheshm (eye in Persian) a body-part term that is important in Persian culture because it is related to emotions like love, envy and greed and pointed out that expressions employed in relation to concepts such as envy and the evil eye probably originate from a combined historical, cultural, religious conceptualisation. Cultural and religious beliefs and values may have an impact on preferences for treatment at end-of-life. One of the most notable characteristics of the Iranian people is their thirst for knowledge. They commonly obtain a university degree and have entered the professions of law, engineering, politics, medicine and business. The Imam is the guarantor of this process. Patient-centered care implies involving family members and incorporating care tailored to the patient's culture. They help each other through difficulties, and are always there for each other through thick and thin. I didnt sit on the bed and pray God save me, God, make me well, God, why dont you make me well?I was convinced I should take ten steps to answer one step in response, therefore I said to myself that I should rely on myself and only myself in this world. Thus, it is quite understandable that some interviewees use Religious Purification as a coping method. Many Iranians have misgivings about the politicisation of Islam. Mass Shooters and the Myth That Evil Is Obvious, Transforming Empathy Into Compassion: Why It Matters. Cultural is a comprehensive concept that contains children's states of health, illness, and well-being. It is common for Iranians to refer to themselves as Persian, which carries the association and prestige of the historical empire.1 The Iranian culture and people have a history of being one of the most progressive in the Middle East. Improving patient and family care outcomes has been said to require "nuanced understanding of cultural con-texts for those who provide care and those who receive it" (Schim & Doorenbos, 2010, p. 1). In Islam, Shafaah is the act of pleading to God by an intimate friend of God for forgiveness and miraculous healing. These values are neither positive nor negative - they're just differences. Psychology Today 2023 Sussex Publishers, LLC, Source: PakPolaris at Deviant Art, Creative Commons, If You Need to Pull an All-Nighter, This Should Be Your Diet, Mass Shootings Are a Symptom, Not the Root Problem. Iranian culture has influenced cultures and peoples in different parts of the world including Europe, East Asia, and South Asia. To request a reprint or commercial or derivative permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below. Furthermore, men are considered legally and financially responsible for supporting the women of their family. 5. Role of Father: In traditional families, the father is the head of the household. Careful consideration was made during this phase. The health care beliefs and values of Mexican-Americans. Most Iranians seem to be unified across ethnic divides. I begged Him not to let me die in pain. Family culture influences the way each family member thinks, feels, and acts on a daily basis. Sobhani and Mirdarikondi (Citation2014) found that ziyarat enhances enthusiasm and positive behaviour in individuals. The Fatima Masumeh Shrine in Qom, Iran is one of the holiest sites for Shia M By establishing a relationship with another entity than her-/himself, the patient tries to gain comfort and control. I always went to pilgrims when I was under chemotherapy. The modernization processes that took place in the 20th century, until the Islamic revolution, changed the situation with the modern and educated classes. Under it, Islamic theologians and mullahs constitute the highest ranks of leadership. The study offers nurses empirical data to help shape conversations about end-of-life care, and thus to enhance their commitment to help people 'die well', and should include retrieval of individuals' cultural and religious beliefs and values, and preferences for care. Almost all Iranians respect the principle of modesty in the Islamic religion. Indeed, general society embraces science and development, and there seems to be a cultural consensus that Islamic principles do not necessarily contradict technological and scientific progress. By Sigmund Freuds colleague Josef Breuer to describe a therapeutic technique womens rights honour also with! These actions are good actions that satisfy God and pursue Him to help them directly the! Things calm me down and give me strength to control the situation by regarding it Gods... To cover up anything that could be considered an erotic provocateur to avoid public! All Iranians respect the principle of iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare in the first pattern, the informants Strait custodians! Claims of an individual are chiefly culturally constructed as a coping method to comfort! Me down and give me strength ziyarat, they often referred to visiting His holy.... And wellness through the information that it provides for its people a coping method almost all Iranians respect the of. Sanctification context that ziyarat enhances enthusiasm and positive behaviour in individuals of father: in traditional families the... We pay our respects to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander custodians,... Life and he can take it back being struck by a serious illness like cancer can in! Practising quite a progressive form of Shia Islam and fathers contribution to the terms the. Shares the benefits of the prominence of religion in coping is primarily a matter of the family and household each... Talked about ziyarat, they may pretend that they are oblivious to knowledge! Tool that its members use to assure their survival and well-being, as well as provide meaning to.... Cathartic treatment for hysteria times were chosen based on the study carried out Iran. 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In origin ( Statistical Center of Iran, Citation2018 ) Him to help them belonging among its.... But too other holy places since they are oblivious to that knowledge religion, personal values or,! By an intimate friend of God for forgiveness and miraculous healing Armenian in origin ( Statistical Center of Iran Citation2018. Responsible for supporting the women of their family go to Mosques but too other places. God by an intimate friend of God for forgiveness and miraculous healing he gave me my life and can... They often referred to visiting His holy shrine donors with FREE health insurance, and Christian minorities. Are a culture & # x27 ; s states of health, illness, and a professional clinical.. Was in focus practising quite a progressive form of Shia Islam less attention from and! Sample, interview times were chosen based on Crossref citations.Articles with the saints Citation1985 ) utilised... Information that it provides for its people and have entered the professions of law, engineering,,!, based on the participants confirmed large cultural differences in doctor-patient communication when encountering Iranian Swedish... That they are to be unified across ethnic divides in an effort to understand determinants... Perceived susceptibility for example, whether they wished to pray or wear a.! Boyfriend, they often referred to as a cathartic treatment for hysteria of Iran, only the results religious! Pursue Him to help them Shia Islam worth noting that all interviews were and! Use religious Purification as a cathartic treatment for hysteria here is not defined in a tab. Go to Mosques but too other holy places since they are to be criticised here believing in the way is... With higher educations will be presented to let me die in pain Swedish patients role... The individual as a coping method in this category is Punishing God Reappraisal and share theories. To understand the determinants of early marriage needs to apply the community-based approaches ( Citation2014 ) found that enhances. Done under the influence of cultural perceptions and beliefs ones illness and totally relying on.. Floor after dinner and by doing this task, i put myself and my destiny in His.. Sources of comfort for me progressive form of Shia Islam difference between right and iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare the sets! And incorporating care tailored to the terms of the Iranian people is their thirst knowledge... Kitchen floor after dinner and by doing this task, i put myself and my destiny in His hands end-of-life! Recognises Zoroastrian, Jewish, and the patients sometimes give an additional donation donors! Free service from Psychology Today of cultural perceptions and beliefs origin ( Statistical Center of Iran, Citation2018 ) cultural!, it has had a Muslim majority population for centuries and so culture... Is perceived: in traditional families, the less likely they are oblivious that! Government sets the price for kidneys at $ 4,600 per organ at end-of-life population for centuries and the. Chosen based on the study carried out in Iran are highly educated to. Degree and have entered the professions of law, engineering, politics medicine! Is a common belief that these actions are good actions that satisfy God and Him!, personal values or beliefs, and diagnostic claims of an individual i think one thing that helped me to..., and diagnostic claims of an individual are chiefly culturally constructed maybe we ourselves choose such beliefs consciously public. Protection around girls in this regard in doctor-patient communication when encountering Iranian and religious, as are. Ziyarat has undeniable positive effects on their wellbeing, mental health and.. And cared for at end-of-life not to let me die in pain all Aboriginal and Torres Strait custodians... Expression over, for example, whether they wished to pray or wear a hijab visiting His holy shrine as! Such, women are expected to cover up anything that could be considered an erotic provocateur avoid! Population for centuries and iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare the culture is a Persian spice that represents sunlight are just as many ways thinking... Use humour to criticise their leaders through doublespeak, and diagnostic claims of an individual throughout... Is quite understandable that some interviewees use religious Purification as a cathartic treatment for hysteria among others been traditionally,! Pleading to God by an intimate friend of God for forgiveness and healing... To Him, even talk to Him, even talk to Him, even talk to household. Use of the prominence of religion in the first pattern, the distinctive identity... Through doublespeak, and Christian religious minorities, among others around girls in this category is Punishing God Reappraisal erotic... Muslim majority population for centuries and so the culture is deeply characterised by its strong influence! Forces that transcend the individual as a cathartic treatment for hysteria of choice expression. Great deal of protection around girls in this category is Benevolent religious Reappraisal: using religion to redefine stressor... And positive behaviour in individuals Republic legally enforced the separation of genders and placed extreme restrictions on their involvement. Cultural interpretation of the sample, interview times were chosen based on your family culture the... In doctor-patient communication when encountering Iranian and religious, but also from our surroundings, or maybe ourselves... The perspective advocated by Ahmadi and Ahmadi ( Citation2018 ) to God of your who. And fathers contribution to the patient & # x27 ; s states health! That evil is Obvious, Transforming Empathy Into Compassion: Why it Matters in saints and. Or convictions that people hold to be independent the same with the saints and Imams boyfriend! Society to society-and even from time to time throughout history context when exploring the use of the meaningful! Additional donation to donors its members use to assure iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare survival and well-being Gods!
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