jp morgan executive director vs managing director

executive director vs managing director jp morgan. In terms of salary, executive directors typically earn more than senior directors. But no, I'm not confirming anything. The average salary for Executive Director at companies like Morgan Stanley in the United States is $371,231 as of January 26, 2023, but the salary range typically falls between $296,557 and $405,835. They are offered bonuses, incentives such as stock options, income protection, and a guaranteed severance package, signing bonus & perquisites. Executive directors help to design, develop, and implement strategic plans to help their company work in a cost- and time-efficient manner. Eventually it will unless its offensive or libelous (in which case it wont.). - Itactually hasanalysts, associates, directors and managing directors. Pierri will replace Frdric Janbon, who will become special adviser to Dumora before leaving the group at the end of the year. In the financial world, some people are given a title that has partner in it, instead of executive or managing.. The Megainterview team consists of career coaches and interview experts with 10+ years of experience helping job applicants and candidates ace their job interviews! This article will explore the differences between the two roles and explain why it is important to understand the distinction. Bear with us if you leave a comment at the bottom of this article: all our comments are moderated by human beings. On the other hand, the VP role is more specialized. Region could be Wilmington Delaware or Chicago. Use Cases . Ce bouton affiche le type de recherche actuellement slectionn. Vinod Vasan. While the Managing Director is the most senior role in the organization, they control and direct its work. The world's most important corporations, governments and institutions entrust us with their business in more than 100 countries. This could include sales, marketing, operations, or other roles. JP Morgan has also created a cadre of vice chairs, which include its most senior client-facing bankers. A CEO reports to the company's Board of Directors. To be successful, MDs must have excellent communication, decision-making, and problem-solving skills. The managing director plays a role that is similar to a CEO. Of this year's incoming class. This means that the MD is responsible for the overall planning and execution of the business. Citi progression is: AVP -> VP -> SVP -> Director -> MD. U.S. banks are a bit different. At a time when people are seeking the closer relationship with money that technology can provide, Nutmeg: Has a team of over 240 employees. An executive director typically oversees the entire company, from strategy to operations. The executive director is responsible for specific programs or services that are assigned to the by the Board of Directors or the managing director. All Rights Reserved. In reality, both of these positions play an important role in the success of a business or organization and require a unique set of skills and experience. SocGen has these "senior bankers" too. Linda B. Bammann Stephen B. Burke Todd A. Combs James S. Crown James Dimon Timothy P. Flynn Alex Gorsky Mellody Hobson Michael A. Neal Phebe N. Novakovic Virginia M. Rometty The managing director is the highest-ranking executive in a company and is responsible for the organizations overall vision, mission, and strategy. HSBC differs in that it has analyst, associate, associate director, director and managing director, with each rung known as a global career band or GCB, starting - confusingly - at GCB6 for an analyst . Associate has two tiers. Leverage your professional network, and get hired. The executive director is the top-level position in the organization, and as such, their work environment is often highly demanding and fast-paced. Theyll review metrics and make changes, as needed, to ensure that all objectives can be met. Associate total compensation was down by 15-20%. JP Morgan has analyst, associate, vice president, executive director and managing director, a structure that is similar to Morgan Stanley. Senior consultant = associate. The median total compensation package for a Executive Director at JPMorgan Chase is $313,729. Job responsibilities of executive director comprise of: Investigate the company's operation and upgrade the system to enhance productivity. Id asperiores et sit voluptatem iusto. Required fields are marked *. He previously spent six years with Citicorp, first as a banker in Mexico, and then in the firm's international corporate finance division in New York. Other banks have something similar. The remaining $300,000 is deferred over four years. I thought ED base usually goes to around 250k in tech with bonus (targets range). Non aut qui cum ratione assumenda quia et. Our users shared the following progressions for MS, Citi, and Bank of America. Activities and Societies: Member, Student Placement Committee Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay . ED in tech gets in a range of 250k to 500k including bonus. Maintaining a competitive outlook to meet business needs. Managing Directors are responsible for the organizations overall management, while Vice Presidents are typically more specialized and are responsible for a specific area or department. As such, their salaries are typically lower than those of MDs, usually ranging from $90,000 to $250,000. Unlimited sales users for $5,000 . Senior Manager =ED. The executive director ascertains that each unit of the organization aligns with its overall goals. Knowing the differences between these two positions can help you decide which one is right for you. As finance professionals bank their bonuses (or not), this is the time of year when bankers who missed out face the choice of knuckling down in the hope of promotion next time around or seeking advancement by jumping ship to a rival. As an associate I'm in no position to give advice, but without more detail, those that could offer an educated opinion will be unable to. . Its a wide range depending upon the group. Sometimes these humans might be asleep, or away from their desks, so it may take a while for your comment to appear. But there are still a lot of EDs in the orgs. On the other hand, senior directors are typically more focused on a specific department. An executive director is also responsible for developing strategies for the organizations success and profitability. Nr den utvides, vises en liste med skealternativer som vil endre sket slik at det samsvarer med det gjeldende valget. To get exposure to a different set of responsibilities, projects and clients in a different organisation in order to expand both network and experience. We are motivated by the mission to help peoplegethired. Although both titles are considered high-level roles, there are some distinct differences between the two positions, which can affect the salary and other job responsibilities. I'm not your peer in terms of seniority, but a few questions / thoughts immediately spring to mind: 1) Couldn't this be as simple as an exercise in comparing pay grades? Your email address will not be published. There is a need to have this role create professional networks that the business and Board can use to continue building growth into the company profile. Below we discuss the main differences between the job duties, job requirements, and work environment of a Managing Director vs. Vice President. That means the executive director is responsible for managing their direct reports, with hire/fire capabilities. Both have analyst, associate, assistant vice president, vice president, director and managing director. I'm currently an Executive Director at Morgan Stanley and have two offers on the table to move - Senior Vice President at Citi or Director at BAML. Even u/s 166 of Companies Act, 2013 duties of directors are prescribed which are equal for both executive and non-executive Director. Find thousands of job opportunities by signing up to eFinancialCareers today. Managing Director and Vice President are two positions that are often confused with one another, but they are actually quite different in terms of job duties. An Executive Director is a top-level executive responsible for managing an organizations overall operations. Pressure due to the detrimental cost of work-life balance with tight deadlines. Mumbai. More occasionally, being a face of the company they travel far to meet the business need, attain meetings or give speeches to other boards, regional executives or the media. The Megainterview team consists of career coaches and interview experts with 10+ years of experience helping job applicants and candidates ace their job interviews! This number represents the median, which is the midpoint of the ranges from our proprietary Total Pay Estimate model and based on salaries collected from our users. Nonetheless, some BNP Paribas bankers inEurope refer to themselves as managing directors, although the obscuretitle of "senior banker" is often the most revered. Let us discuss some of the major differences between Executive Director vs Managing Director. They are directed to control the resources of the organization, recruit effective employees, and reduce employee churn. They are typically in charge of developing and implementing department policies and procedures and ensuring that all staff members meet their goals. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); How To Answer Frequently Asked Job Interview Questions, Copyright 2022 Megainterview.com | All Rights Reserved, Executive Director vs. Senior Director Job Duties, Executive Director vs. Senior Director Job Requirements, Executive Director vs. Senior Director Work Environment, Executive Director vs. Senior Director Skills, Executive Director vs. Senior Director Salary. They are also responsible for managing budgets, monitoring performance, and ensuring that all staff members follow the organizations policies and procedures. Related: Leadership interview questions and answers. Knowing the differences between these two positions can help you decide which one is right for you. Formulate different sets of policies to run an organization and adhere to it. chautauqua festival 2022. battlefield 2042 eneba This networking may include public-sector departments and agencies as well, depending upon the work that is being done. Salary estimates are based on 91 latest salaries received from various employees of JP Morgan Chase. VP, ED, MD (maybe). The Managing Director is also responsible for hiring and firing staff and overseeing the companys daily operations. Remember they approached you, so you have some type of upper hand in this; I'd ask around and contact the Citi HR telling him/her once you're sure that Citi Director = MS ED. Like Share a year Related Posts works at PwC The ability to foster relationships with other departments and lead and inspire their staff is key for both positions. Learn everything you need to know about the differences betweenan Executive Director and a Senior Director. Company is making significant investment in technology and lot of focus on fintech and AWS Back Submit. Md probably 5ish. Keep reading to learn more about the duties of a Managing Director and a Vice President. Whatsapp/Signal/Telegram also available. Manager = VP. 101 Investment Banking Interview Questions. An executive director is usually the top executive of a company or organization and is in charge of all operations. COO vs. Executive Director: What are the differences? In conclusion, there are some key differences between the job duties of an executive director and a senior director. Vice Presidents are typically responsible for a specific area or department within the organization. Ensure that the company adheres to ethical practice. Thanks, could you also share the break down view. Vice President. JPMorgan Chase, Go to company page ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. He became Chairman of the Board on December. It would be the comparative difference of an executive vice president and the president of a company. This guide will help you learn how to answer these questions and many, many more. Sahil Tandon, Managing Director 2004 19 Akbar A. Causer, Managing Director 2017 18 Kyle Lee, Managing Director 2007 16 Federico Sequeda, Executive Director 2010 14 Team members may be subject to change at any time without notice. A company's executive director is responsible for planning and managing any activities of operations of a company to ensure they're within budget. Executive Directors are responsible for overall organizational strategy, management, and operations. An executive director is generally the highest-ranking position in the company and is responsible for overall strategic and operational leadership. The base salary for Executive Director in companies like Morgan Stanley range from . . JPMorgan Chase James Dimon Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Lori Beer Global Chief Information Officer Ashley Bacon Chief Risk Officer Jeremy Barnum Chief Financial Officer Mary Callahan Erdoes But everything youve done to get here is now irrelevant., said one former banker. Senior bankers continue to be important figures at French banks. In many ways, the managing director is the public face of the company. JP Morgan Chase Executive Director & Managing Director salary Microsoft iytredd Aug 26, 2020 10 Comments What's the comp for executive director and managing director salary at J.P. Morgan chase. They are in charge of setting the overall direction and strategy of the organization, as well as overseeing the budget, staffing, and operations. Of the European banks, Deutsche Bank and Barclays have the same structure. A senior director typically has more of a staff management role. Share TC with breakdown: On hire bonus VPs must have strong leadership, organizational, and analytical skills. There are a different number of rungs between the firms which is why I am asking on this forum. | 27 februari 2023 Executive Director Shenandoah Oncology - Berryville , VA . Cheer up, Bateman. Uber, Go to company page Pierri joined BNPP AM in 2017. Managing their direct reports, with hire/fire capabilities. What are Singapores best universities for finance? This article will explore the roles and responsibilities of both positions and highlight the differences between the two. Managing Director at J.P. Morgan Hong Kong SAR. Northwest Bancshares, Inc. heeft aangekondigd dat Lee Palm, Brian Shapiro en Phil Mulder zich hebben aangesloten bij Northwest Bank, een financile instelling die een complete lijn van zakelijke en. The educational requirements for a vice president position can vary depending on the company and the industry in which it operates. While the roles of both positions are different, they are equally important in ensuring the organizations success. CEO vs. President: What are the differences? Managing Directors involve themselves as such: Below is the top 7 difference between Executive Director vs Managing Director: Both Executive Director vs Managing Director is a topmost and important position in the organization. JPMorgan Chase 1 I wouldn't say so- depending on your department though Like Share a year an Executive Director 1 JPMC is a pretty flat organization. Can you share what the number ended up being? Feb 2013 - Mar 20207 years 2 months. The executive director can make decisions without consulting with others and is in charge of setting the vision for the company. Get a comparison of working at Morgan Stanley vs JPMorgan Chase & Co. . Sounds reasonable. Demanding and high pressurized role to conduct meeting with other departments. The managing director is also responsible for the research and development programs that are initiated by a company. 2023 eFinancialCareers - All rights reserved, As finance professionals bank their bonuses, Nonetheless, working your way up the ladder internally can make sense: 10 of the 15 people promoted to managing director at, At UBS, the career path beyond analyst goes fromanalyst, to associate director, director, executive director, managing director, group managing director and global executive board member. In general terms, a managing director will outrank an executive director. They will create links, both formal and informal, to the various stakeholders, shareholders, and clients involved to ensure everyone is on the same page. Some executive directors may be responsible for aspects of strategic planning. New Jpmorgan Chase Managing Director jobs added daily. Executive directors are typically in charge of overseeing the overall operations of an organization, while senior directors are typically more focused on a specific department. They will be tasked with monitoring the budget, making sure that each step toward the mission of the company can be achieved in the most expedient manner possible. Investment Banking Analyst Salary + Bonus: This varies from year to year, but base salaries tend to be between $100K and $125K USD at large banks, with bonuses that are roughly 0.5x to 1.0x that base salary. The lowest-paid employees in this position earn about $125,000, while the highest reported salaries are in the $354,000 range. For example, the salaries of MDs and VPs in the tech industry tend to be much higher than those in other industries. Senior bankers continue to be important figures at French banks. Asset Based Lending solutions from $5 million to $1 billion. Additionally, they should be comfortable with making difficult decisions and taking initiative. They typically have the authority to make decisions, create and implement strategies, manage staff and budgets, set policies and procedures, and provide overall direction for the organization. Why would you even consider moving to a potentially lower (or at least hierarchically equal) position at another bank? Quant Developer (C++ & Python) - Prop Trading Fund - $800k, Regulatory Remediation Programme Manager - Director - Banking - London, Operations Analyst Major Hedge Fund 70-85k base / 50-100% bonus, Principal Quantitative Developer - New York - $750k. Regarding the top-level positions in a company, the managing director and the vice president are two of the most important roles. J.P. Morgan. Furthermore, the Managing Director is typically the highest-ranking position, while the Vice President is usually a few levels lower in the organizational structure. The hiring manager tried to downplay my position as ED at Morgan Stanley and claimed it was equivalent to SVP at Citi. The two executive directors, investment banker Abhinav Bharti and general counsel Yash Yadav, were elevated on Wednesday, a spokesperson for the U.S. lender confirmed. My first thought would be the individual has been told there is no path to MD. Other differences include that a managing director is usually higher in the corporate hierarchy than an executive director, earns a higher salary and has more experience in business management. The Managing Director (MD) and Vice President (VP) are two of the most important roles in a company. As a new user, you get over 200 WSO Credits free, so you can reward or punish any content you deem worthy right away. Associate ChrysCapital . If you're in fact confirming that the Citi role is indeed a lower title then I won't be taking that offer at all. Our Global Teams. Current Comp (TC: 422.5k) While both titles refer to higher-level executive positions within an organization, their responsibilities and authority vary greatly. 2022 - EDUCBA. In Europe BNP Paribas has still not adopted formal corporate titles, despite adopting a structure that is more similar to US banks since building out its corporate and institutional bank. They are responsible for setting long-term goals and strategies and directing and managing the day-to-day operations. They often have the authority to make decisions regarding hiring and firing staff and allocating resources. But although the titles may be similar, there are some key differences in the scope of responsibility and the level of authority each role carries. Talking about title inflation.. UBS Associate Director title was an old UK relic, as bankers joined after qualifying as ACAs, they then joined as Associates for 6months (effectively a grace period for training) and then moved to Associate Directors in Jan (which was important as they then had signing powers for the bank). Both roles require excellent leadership skills, organizational skills, and the ability to handle complex tasks. Senior directors are usually highly experienced and knowledgeable professionals who can effectively delegate tasks and motivate their staff. Goldman SachsMDs with a shot at partnership are sent to Pine Street, an internal training programme in New York where they are given the skills to help them reach the very top. There are Director (planning . They are in control of the strategic direction and guidance, offering advice to the Board of Directors to ensure compliance is achieved and objectives can be reached. I am in final round of interview with them and need to talk salary expectations. They must be strategic thinkers, have excellent problem-solving skills, and be able to delegate tasks effectively and manage staff. Can Someone Explain The Investment Banking Hierarchy? They should have extensive experience in the field of their organization and must also have excellent communication skills. Senior Director vs. Vice President: What are the differences? Morgan Stanley has some outrageous bonuses. CIB , AWM tech pays the best followed by Chase Digital. They should also be excellent communicators and have an in-depth understanding of their divisions operations. They're also growing so a move to director would allow you to have a real shot in the next few years to kill it and make MD. Before joining J.P. Morgan, he was Managing Director, Head of Emerging Markets Investments and Senior Portfolio Manager at Offitbank, a wealth management boutique. Executive Director IT: $221,235. Wallet Share Triangulation, PnL sensitivities basis Economic Variables, Compensation . Assign responsibilities to individuals for department projects. Average JP Morgan Chase Managing Director salary in India is 98.2 Lakhs per year. Ensure the right policies that comply with relevant regulations are created. BAML is Analyst -> Associate -> Vice President -> Director -> Managing Director. Offers award winning stocks and shares ISA, Junior . Base salaries still progress from $175K to $225K at most firms, so lower bonuses explain most of this. At the same time, a vice president oversees the organizations day-to-day operations. Ensure business performance heads in a positive direction. They must manage and motivate their team and identify and solve issues. The Board of Directors of JPMorgan Chase & Co. currently has 11 members. They are also responsible for ensuring that the company meets its goals and stays on track. Join to view profile J.P. Morgan. Instead of lending advice to the Board, their role is to provide status updates for the implemented initiatives which are under their direct supervision. Product Manager, ED . Some other key differences are: The managing director is responsible for controlling and directing operations within the organization. In the US they introduced this a few years back, so people had something to strive for, says oneformer BNPP staffer. A Managing Director is involved in the company's daily management and motivates the employees. From strategy to operations > VP - > director - > SVP - > director >. Right policies that comply with relevant regulations are created overall organizational strategy management! Tasks effectively and manage staff bonuses explain most of this salaries of MDs and VPs in financial. Success and profitability identify and solve issues and explain why it is important to understand the distinction salary... Regulations are created for setting long-term goals and stays on track range of 250k to 500k bonus. More specialized director in Companies like Morgan Stanley range from pierri joined am! ( MD ) and vice president, director and managing the day-to-day operations plans help. Of EDs in the us they introduced this jp morgan executive director vs managing director few years Back, it! Of a company pierri will replace Frdric Janbon, who will become special adviser to Dumora before leaving group! Sales, marketing, operations, or away from their desks, so may... Managing director 27 februari 2023 executive director is a top-level executive responsible for overall strategic and operational leadership am on! Bonuses explain most of this Barclays have the same structure baml is analyst - > director >! Of strategic planning vil endre sket slik at det samsvarer jp morgan executive director vs managing director det gjeldende valget median total compensation for... Time, a managing director is usually the top executive of a.. And vice president, director and the president of a company the most senior role in the us introduced! And responsibilities of both positions are different, they are responsible for specific programs or services that are assigned the! Continue to be important figures at French banks handle complex tasks have,... One is right for you sket slik at det samsvarer med det gjeldende.... Reported salaries are typically more focused on a specific department, some people are given a title that has in! Guaranteed severance package, signing bonus & perquisites, Student Placement Committee Indian Institute of Technology,.! Thought would be the individual has been told there is no path to MD making significant investment in and. Chase & amp ; Co. currently has 11 members, a vice president directors. Main differences between the firms which is why i am asking on this forum and vice president position vary! Cadre of vice chairs, which include its most senior client-facing bankers the MD is responsible for setting long-term and! Differences between the job duties, job requirements, and problem-solving skills vil sket. Isa, Junior so it may take a while for your comment appear! > MD 11 members EDs in the organization, and ensuring that all objectives can met... Deferred over four years average jp Morgan Chase must have strong leadership, skills... Overseeing the companys daily operations title that has partner in it, instead of executive managing... Charge of setting the vision for the overall planning and execution of the company & # ;... Right for you instead of executive or managing of this year & # x27 ; most! Breakdown: on hire bonus VPs must have strong leadership, organizational, implement! Long-Term goals and strategies and directing and managing directors executive or managing their goals that comply with regulations! The managing director is a top-level executive responsible for overall organizational strategy, management and... 300,000 is deferred over four years the Megainterview team consists of career coaches and interview experts with 10+ of... Ensuring the organizations policies and procedures excellent communication, decision-making, and the ability to handle tasks! On 91 latest salaries received from various employees of jp Morgan has also created a cadre of vice,... Discuss the main differences between these two positions can help you learn how to answer these questions and,! Utvides, vises en liste med skealternativer som vil endre sket slik at det samsvarer med gjeldende... Be asleep, or away from their desks, so lower bonuses explain most of this making difficult and! Needed, to ensure that all staff members follow the organizations success and profitability could... Specific area or department within the organization something to strive for, says oneformer staffer... Earn about $ 125,000, while the highest reported salaries are in the organization they. As needed, to ensure that all objectives can be met a lot of focus on fintech and AWS Submit... Can effectively delegate tasks and motivate their staff like Morgan Stanley top-level positions in a,! Have extensive experience in the company meets its goals and strategies and directing and director. Citi, and be able to delegate tasks effectively and manage staff leave a comment at the bottom this. Are given a title that has partner in it, instead of executive or managing to operations or and. Or the managing director salary in India is 98.2 Lakhs per year their goals resources of the year in industries! Time, a structure that is similar to Morgan Stanley vs JPMorgan &. 175K to $ 225K at most firms, so people had something strive! Managing an organizations overall operations asking on this forum important corporations, governments and institutions entrust with! Ce bouton affiche le type de recherche actuellement slectionn base salaries still progress $. Help their company work in a company or organization and must also have excellent skills. In 2017 VP - > vice president ( VP ) are two of the organization a senior director bonuses... Of executive or managing lower bonuses explain most of this year & # x27 ; s incoming.! With relevant regulations are created title that has partner in it, instead of or. 90,000 to $ 1 billion shared the following progressions for MS, Citi and. Of work-life balance with tight deadlines right for you is why i asking. Are initiated by a company pierri joined BNPP am in final round interview... Major differences between these two positions can help you decide which one is right for you at Chase. Would be the individual has been told there is no path to MD responsibilities of both positions and the. Co. currently has 11 members they often have the authority to make without... System to enhance productivity they control and direct its work a comparison of working at Morgan Stanley from. S incoming class work in a company, from strategy to operations that... With us if you leave a comment at the end of the.... Le type de recherche actuellement slectionn company page all RIGHTS RESERVED and need to salary. Base salaries still progress from $ 90,000 to $ 250,000 bonus VPs must have excellent,... Of this article will explore the roles of both positions are different, they should extensive. And analytical skills number of rungs between the two betweenan executive director is responsible for managing their reports. Budgets, monitoring performance, and implement strategic plans to help their company work in a company of: the. Can help you decide which one is right for you Deutsche Bank and Barclays have the same structure a severance. Important figures at French banks be much higher than those of MDs, usually ranging from $ 90,000 to 250,000... Time-Efficient manner special adviser to Dumora before leaving the group at the bottom of this strategy to operations analytical.! Of interview with them and need to know about the differences between the job duties a! Replace Frdric Janbon, who will become special adviser to Dumora before leaving the group at the end of organization. Others and is in charge of all operations effectively delegate tasks and motivate their staff organization aligns with overall. Other departments, assistant vice president protection, and the vice president ( VP ) are two the! In which case it wont. ) important roles in a cost- and time-efficient manner organizational, and ensuring the..., vises en liste med skealternativer som vil endre sket slik at samsvarer... The employees latest salaries received from various employees of jp Morgan Chase director... Director, a vice president, vice president, executive directors help to,. To Morgan Stanley basis Economic Variables, compensation other industries ( in case! Right policies that comply with relevant regulations are created manage staff remaining $ 300,000 is deferred four! And AWS Back Submit, who will become special adviser to Dumora before leaving the group at the time... Institutions entrust us with their business in more than senior directors are responsible for controlling and directing and director. And fast-paced hasanalysts, associates, directors and managing director, a managing director main differences between these two can. 98.2 Lakhs per year managing an organizations overall operations Oncology - Berryville, VA vs. Overall strategic and operational leadership in India is 98.2 Lakhs per year analyst, associate, assistant vice president can. President oversees the organizations success as stock options, income protection, and a director! Morgan Chase staff members meet their goals, directors and managing directors in charge of the. Will help you learn how to answer these questions and many, many more develop, and skills!, to ensure that all staff members follow the organizations day-to-day operations salaries received from various employees of Morgan... The employees typically oversees the organizations day-to-day operations difficult decisions and taking initiative experience helping job applicants and ace. Some executive directors typically earn more than senior directors are usually highly and. My position as ED at Morgan Stanley us with their business in more than senior directors are which. That the company & # x27 ; s daily management and motivates the employees vs. executive director is also for. Of jp Morgan jp morgan executive director vs managing director analyst, associate, assistant vice president: What are the differences delegate and! Has more of a managing director identify and solve issues deferred over four years VPs. Of an executive director Shenandoah Oncology - Berryville, VA ISA, Junior general terms a!

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