How does the consumer pay for a company's environmentally responsible inventions. bushwhacker - a Confederate guerrilla during the American Civil Historians provide estimates of the actual number of individual Confederate soldiers between 750,000 and 1,000,000 troops. Results 1-20 of 67 View Record Name Birth Date Enlistment Date Enlistment Place Rank; To get better results, add more information such as Birth Info, Death Info or Locationeven a guess will help. Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 113 (2005):340377. Confederate guerrillas were called 4 - Un anuncio Audio Listen to this radio advertisement and write the prices for each item listed. [43], One Confederate soldier from Texas gave his reasons for fighting for the Confederacy, stating that "we are fighting for our property",[44] contrasting this with the motivations of Union soldiers, who, he claimed, were fighting for the "flimsy and abstract idea that a negro is equal to an Anglo American". At some point during the day, Kirkland allegedly approached Confederate Brig. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. << Previous: National Park . "[122][123] In the action that followed, he and his unit inflicted heavy casualties on the Union attackers. [93] Even Georgian governor Joseph E. Brown noted that "the country and the army are mainly dependent upon slave labor for support. The CSRs do not constitute an exhaustive list of all men who served in the Confederate army. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Confederate . They promised to give us our freedom and money besides, but none of us believed them; we only fought because we had to." The Confederate Congress initially made the rank of brigadier general the highest rank. on June 25, 2020, There are no reviews yet. Some men with a weak religious affiliation became committed Christians, and saw their military service in terms of satisfying God's wishes. The Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter signed the outbreak Cobb said using blacks as soldiers would be the end of the revolution, because "if slaves make good soldiers, our whole theory of slavery is wrong."[101][102][103]. General Sherman's total warfare reduced the ability of the South to produce food and ship it to the armies or its cities. [4] Since these figures include estimates of the total number of individual soldiers who served at any time during the war, they do not represent the size of the army at any given date. Co. Collection The lack of central authority and the ineffective railroads, combined with the frequent unwillingness or inability of Southern state governments to provide adequate funding, were key factors in the Confederate army's demise. document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); Your email address will not be published. answered 10/20/15. [32], The southern churches met the shortage of Army chaplains by sending missionaries. "'The land of my birth and the home of my heart': Enlistment Motivations for Confederate Soldiers in Montgomery County, Virginia, 18611862.'" Displays at the site share the history of the battle, including the massacre on Black troops. [52] One Confederate officer at the time noted, "The deserters belong almost entirely to the poorest class of non-slave-holders whose labor is indispensable to the daily support of their families" and that "When the father, husband or son is forced into the service, the suffering at home with them is inevitable. Indeed, while about one-third of all Confederate soldiers belonged to slaveholding families, slightly more than two-thirds of the sample whose slaveholding status is known did so. On March 8 the Confederate Congress passed a law that authorized Davis to issue proclamations to call up no more than 100,000 men. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". All three initiatives were unsuccessful, however. Opposing such a move, Cobb stated that African Americans were untrustworthy and innately lacked the qualities to make good soldiers, and that using them would cause many Confederates to quit the army. So anestimated 20,000 to . [57][58], Young Mark Twain deserted the army long before he became a famous writer and lecturer, but he often commented upon the episode comically. In some cases, Confederate men were motivated to join the army in response to the United States' actions regarding its opposition to slavery. A Manual of Military Surgery (1863). These numbers do not include sailors who served in Confederate States Navy. By March 1861, the Provisional Confederate Congress expanded the provisional forces and established a more permanent Confederate States Army. By September 1864, however, President Davis publicly admitted that two-thirds of the soldiers were absent, "most of them without leave". During the Jim Crow era and even through the MLKing years of peaceful demonstrations, more than 700 monuments were part of roughly 1,500 symbols (such as naming schools, streets and Army bases) of the Confederacy in public spaces. According to Civil War historian James M. McPherson, in his book For Cause and Comrades, most Confederate volunteers stated they were fighting for liberty as well as slavery while many of the Union soldiers stated they fought to end slavery and preserve the union. There was plenty of meat in the Confederacy. War One list provides names of Confederate soldiers who died in either Confederate or Union hospitals in Harrodsburg, Lexington, and Danville, KY. [107] It would not be until Robert E. Lee wrote the Confederate Congress urging them that the idea would take serious traction. Regiments were commanded by colonels. Howell Cobb letter to James A. Seddon January 1865. The following are some facts about Confederate soldiers in the American Civil War: According to the Oxford Companion to American Military History, the best estimate of total Confederate soldiers range from 850,000 to 900,000. The Confederacy wanted to recruit Indians east of the Mississippi River in 1862, so they opened up a recruiting camp in Mobile, Alabama "at the foot of Stone Street". The Southern Baptists sent a total of 78 missionaries, starting in 1862. But there was no official recruitment of black soldiers in the Confederate army until the very end of the war" He continued, "But Appomattox came only a few weeks later, and none of these men were ever put in uniform to fight. Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted. [48] Soldiers who were fighting in defense of their homes realized that they had to desert to fulfill that duty. Uploaded by They called the Confederate soldiers the Rebels or "Rebs". Also during these 60 years, hundreds of lunching of innocent black men took place in the South while white families, some with young children, watched on as though they were killing a mouse. The Union soldiers normally just referred to them rebels. [81][82] They fought knowing they might jeopardize their freedom, unique cultures, and ancestral lands if they ended up on the losing side of the Civil War. Choose an expert and meet online. [124][125], The Confederate law declaring black U.S. soldiers to be insurrectionist slaves, combined with the Confederacy's discriminatory mistreatment of captured black U.S. soldiers, became a stumbling block for prisoner exchanges between the United States and the Confederacy, as the U.S. government in the Lieber Code officially objected to the Confederacy's discriminatory mistreatment of prisoners of war on basis of color. The Choctaws, who were expecting support from the Confederates, got little. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Although the two forces were to exist concurrently, little was done to organize the Confederate regular army.[18]. "[86], With so many white males conscripted into the army and roughly 40% of its population unfree, the work required to maintain a functioning society in the Confederacy ended up largely on the backs of slaves. May God forgive you as this is not what the New Testament is all about. Substitution had also been practiced in the United States, leading to similar resentment from the lower classes. At home their families were in worsening condition and faced starvation and the depredations of roving bands of marauders. [44] One Louisianan artilleryman stated, "I never want to see the day when a negro is put on an equality with a white person. [50][51], Historians of the Civil War have emphasized how soldiers from poor families deserted because they were urgently needed at home. Confederate soldiers were called rebel, Grayback (because of the To each member, Fifty Dollars Bounty, clothes, arms, camp equipage &c: furnished. The best conjecture for Union Army wounded is 275,175. [81][83] During the Civil War, 28,693 Native Americans served in the U.S. and Confederate armies, participating in battles such as Pea Ridge, Second Manassas, Antietam, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, and in Federal assaults on Petersburg. Davis was a graduate of the U.S. Military Academy, and colonel of a volunteer regiment during the MexicanAmerican War. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Your email address will not be published. Names of Confederate soldiers are in alphabetical order, with information on their rank, Regiment, and Company. The Confederate States of America (often called the Confederates or the Rebels) was comprised of the eleven Southern states that broke away from the Union between 1860-1861, around the start of the Civil War. [1] [105], Though most Confederates were opposed to the idea of using black soldiers, a small number suggested the idea. One estimate of the Confederate wounded, which is considered incomplete, is 194,026. I am a 75 year old Christian White woman from Idaho, WA and CA and your comments make me feel like you need to rewrite history in order to feel good about your heritage instead of making things RIGHT. There is a ready explanation for this apparent paradox. . The Confederate States Army, also called the Confederate Army or the Southern Army, was the military land force of the Confederate States of America (commonly referred to as the Confederacy) during the American Civil War (1861-1865), fighting against the United States forces to win the independence of the Southern states and uphold the Information available about a soldier includes his name, unit, and rank. Reports from the War Department beginning at the end of 1861 indicated 326,768 men that year, 449,439 in 1862, 464,646 in 1863, 400,787 in 1864, and "last reports" showed 358,692. The rhetoric of liberty that had permeated the letters of Confederate volunteers in 1861, grew even stronger as the war progressed. On September 27, the maximum age of conscription was extended to 45. [81][82] Many Native American tribes, such as the Creek, the Cherokee, and the Choctaw, were slaveholders themselves, and thus, found a political and economic commonality with the Confederacy.[84]. Copy. I've never heard of any other cause than slavery. a Question Can proteins have polar and non polar regions? In 1965, sculptor Felix de Weldon unveiled a statue in front of the stone wall at the Fredericksburg battlefield in Kirkland's honor. Sources: A variation of the tale says the money was later moved to a "depository" in Atlanta, Georgia. According to historian Paul D. Escott: [F]or a great many of the most powerful southerners the idea of arming and freeing the slaves was repugnant because the protection of slavery had been and still remained the central core of Confederate purpose Slavery was the basis of the planter class's wealth, power, and position in society. The Roster of Confederate Soldiers, 1861-1865 Daniel Library Stacks Call Number E548 .H4. Jones, Adam Matthew. 2022 Sandbox Networks Inc. All rights reserved. For example, uniforms for North Carolina regiments often featured a colored strip of cloth on their shoulders to designate what part of the service the soldier was in. Compiled service records are files of cards that abstract original military records relating to an individual soldier. What is the difference between HSI and Hscei? [119][120] However, Confederate authorities feared retaliation, and consequently no black prisoner was ever put on trial and executed. Georgia Governor Joseph E. Brown was an extreme case of a Southern States Rights advocate asserting control over Confederate soldiers: he defied the Confederate government's wartime policies and resisted the military draft. Confederate private, illustration published in the Atlas to Accompany Official Records of Union and Confederate Armies, circa 1895. The Confederate Congress authorized the awarding of medals for courage and good conduct on October 13, 1862, but wartime difficulties prevented the procurement of the needed medals. For more information on our use of cookies and usage policies, please visit our PRIVACYPOLICY. Get a free answer to a quick problem. [121], James McPherson states that "Confederate troops sometimes murdered black soldiers and their officers as they tried to surrender. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. What did the Confederate States stand for? The Union soldiers normally just referred to them rebels. their red uniforms. Every life entered the prism at its own angle and was refracted in its own way. [27], The Confederate Congress enacted several more amendments throughout the war to address losses suffered in battle as well as the United States' greater supply of manpower. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. called rebs and yanks. [34][35][36][37] Military historian Samuel J. Watson argues that Christian faith was a major factor in combat motivation. The C.S. What were the nicknames for the Union and Confederate soldiers? URL. greyback (because of the color of their uniform), Johnny Reb, Soldiers who served in the Confederate States Army fought on behalf of the Confederate States of America. This database contains an index to compiled service records (CSRs) for soldiers who served with units in the Confederate army. What Were the Major Strategies of the Civil War? [115][116], The usage of black men as soldiers by the Union, combined with Abraham Lincoln's issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation, profoundly angered the Confederacy,[117] with the Confederates calling it uncivilized. Kirkland did not stop until he had helped every wounded soldier (Confederate and Federal) on the Confederate end of the battlefield. This could differ with some units, however, depending on available resources or the unit commander's desire. Confederate soldiers were called Rebels and Rebs, or simply "Johnny Reb." Confederate citizens and soldiers being called rebels and being considered part of a rebellion was an attempt to discredit the concept of the Confederacy being a separate country. The age range of the Confederate Armys First Conscription Act in 1862 was 18 to 35 but the Third Conscription Act in 1864 changed it to 17 to 50. Army) or lieutenant generals. Army, Soldiers -- Confederate States of America -- Registers, Soldiers, United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Registers, United States, United States -- Confederate States of America, United States, Southern States -- Military records -- Civil War, 1861-1865 Publisher Wilmington, NC : Broadfoot Pub. The Cherokee, Choctaw, Seminole, Catawba, and Creek tribes were the only tribes to fight on the Confederate side. Its Anglicized spelling Yankee could, in this way, have been used to mock Dutch colonists. Factmonster is part of the Sandbox Learning family of educational and reference sites for parents, teachers and students. All U.S., Confederate Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865 results for Franz Khler. the American Civil War; `greyback' derived from their grey Confederate uniforms. [132], Native Americans and the Confederate Army, African Americans and the Confederate Army, Prisoner exchanges with the United States, On February 8, 1861, delegates from the first seven, Records of the number of individuals who served in the. A grayback was also a slang term for lice, so we can see the insult here. The problem escalated rapidly after that, and fewer and fewer men returned. These lists contain names of Confederate soldiers, their regiment, and burial place transcribed from monuments and headstones. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Names of Confederate soldiers are in alphabetical order, with information on their rank, Regiment, and Company. 2000-2022Sandbox Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved. By the time Abraham Lincoln took office as President of the United States on March 4, 1861, the seven seceding slave states had formed the Confederate States. Since some Confederate soldiers would have died for these reasons, more total deaths and total casualties for the Confederacy must have occurred. Sources:McKim, Randolph A. David G. Smith, "Race and Retaliation: The Capture of African Americans During the Gettysburg Campaign." [99] Despite lacking foreign assistance and recognition and facing slim chances of victory against superior U.S. assets, Confederate newspapers such as the Georgian Atlanta Southern Confederacy continued to maintain their position and oppose the idea of armed black men in the Confederate Army, even as late in the war as January 1865. [87] They were often the victims of battlefield massacres and atrocities at the hands of the Confederates,[87] most notably at Fort Pillow in Tennessee and at the Battle of the Crater in Virginia. "[45] A North Carolinian soldier stated, "[A] white man is better than a nigger. the "CSA"), whereas the northern states that remained united under the U.S. Constitution were called collectively "the Union.". Believing that local troops should be used only for the defense of Georgia,[69] Brown tried to stop Colonel Francis Bartow from taking Georgia troops out of the state to the First Battle of Bull Run.[70]. Army -- Registers, Soldiers -- Confederate States of America -- Registers, United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Registers, United States -- Confederate States of America, United States, Southern States -- Military records -- Civil War, 1861-1865, urn:lcp:rosterofconfeder0000unse:lcpdf:942a4376-e0e6-4197-8274-c8c436bda8c3, urn:lcp:rosterofconfeder0000unse:epub:02c5afa1-2a5a-48fd-9a4d-dafc1a72f20e, Terms of Service (last updated 12/31/2014). [2], Kirkland went on to fight in both the Battle of Chancellorsville and the Battle of Gettysburg where, after further distinguishing himself for courage and ability, he was promoted to lieutenant. [91][92] According to abolitionist Henry Highland Garnet in 1862, he had met a slave who "had unwillingly fought on the side of Rebellion", but the slave had since defected to "the side of Union and universal liberty". The Sons of Confederate Veterans posthumously awarded Kirkland their Confederate Medal of Honor, created in 1977. Neal Publishing Company, 1912.McPherson, James M. For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War. "Stonewall" Jackson, James Longstreet, J. E. B. Stuart, Gideon Pillow, A. P. Hill, John B. Gordon. What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? on the Internet. The blunted nose of the shell was designed to increase its wind resistance . They took slavery for granted as one of the Southern rights and institutions for which they fought, and did not feel compelled to discuss it. The Confederate . Although only 20% of a sample of 429 Southern soldiers named slavery as the main reason they were fighting in the war, there was a reason for that, according to McPherson: Slavery was less salient for most Confederate soldiers because it was not controversial. The Legion, raised in September 1862, fought until the end of the War. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. In comparison, the best estimates of the number of Union military personnel deaths are 110,100 killed or mortally wounded, 224,580 deaths from disease, and 30,192 deaths in Confederate prison camps, although some historians also dispute these figures. However people in some counties in the northeast section were very loyal to the Union. September 1862, Fought until the end of the Sandbox Learning family educational! The Confederate Congress passed a law that authorized Davis to issue proclamations to call up no than! Was done to organize the Confederate regular army. [ 18 ] Question Can proteins have polar and polar... With relevant ads and marketing campaigns that duty Confederate soldiers, 1861-1865 Daniel Library Stacks call Number E548.. 113 ( 2005 ):340377 transcribed from monuments and headstones to an individual.. And usage policies, please visit our PRIVACYPOLICY Confederate wounded, which is considered incomplete, 194,026. 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