Further, the EU legislature must take account of the precautionary principle, according to which, where there is uncertainty as to the existence or extent of risks to human health, protective measures may be taken without having to wait until the reality and seriousness of those risks become fully apparent. Conversely, less restrictive measures, such as those laid down for other tobacco products in Directive 2014/40, in particular the strengthening of health warnings and the prohibition on flavoured tobacco, do not appear to be equally appropriate to achieving the objective pursued. Directive 2001/37/EC [of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5June 2001 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States concerning the manufacture, presentation and sale of tobacco products Commission statement (OJ 2001 L194 p.26)] reaffirmed that prohibition. Swedish Match AB v Secretary of State for Health, intervening party: New Nicotine Alliance, THE COURT (First Chamber), composed of R. Silva de Lapuerta, Vice-President, acting as President of the First Chamber, J.-C. Bonichot, E. Regan, C.G. In particular, Swedish Match and the NNA state, relying on observations made in Sweden and in Norway, that the consumption of snus tends to replace, rather than be additional to the consumption of tobacco products for smoking, and that it has no gateway effect to the latter products. We help promote and protect these rights. Lady Hale, Lord Kerr, Lord Wilson, Lord Reed, Lord Hughes. With regard to judicial review of compliance with those conditions, the Court has accepted that in the exercise of the powers conferred on it the EU legislature must be allowed a broad discretion in areas such as that at issue in which its action involves political, economic and social choices and in which it is called upon to undertake complex assessments and evaluations. breach of [the second paragraph of Article 296 TFEU]; v. breach of Articles 34 and 35 TFEU; and, vi. Check 'state of health' translations into English. 87) In that regard, Article 52(1) of the Charter provides that any limitation on the exercise of the rights and freedoms recognised by the Charter must be provided for by law and must respect the essence of those rights and freedoms. That is not a necessary approach, as indicated by the fact that Directive 2014/40 itself leaves to the Member States a degree of discretion in the adoption of their legislation in relation to other tobacco products. breach of Article 5(3) TEU and the EU principle of subsidiarity; iv. First, it must be recalled that, according to the Courts settled case-law, the principle of proportionality requires that acts of the EU institutions should be appropriate for attaining the legitimate objectives pursued by the legislation at issue and should not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve those objectives (judgment of 7February 2018, American Express, C304/16, EU:C:2018:66, paragraph85). It is apparent from the order for reference that Swedish Match and the NNA claim that Article1(c) and Article17 of Directive 2014/40 are in breach of Articles1, 7 and35 of the Charter, since the effect of the prohibition on the placing on the market of tobacco products for oral use is that individuals who want to stop smoking cannot use products that would improve their health. In England and Wales the Secretary of State for Health is responsible for the provision of a comprehensive national health service. That being the case, since that information ensures that the reasons for the prohibition on the placing on the market of tobacco products for oral use can be ascertained and that the court with jurisdiction can exercise its power of review, Directive 2014/40 satisfies the obligation to state reasons laid down in the second paragraph of Article296 TFEU. Case C-210/03 -The Queen, on the application of: Swedish Match AB and Swedish Match UK Ltd v Secretary of State for Health Page contents Details Description Files Details Publication date 18 December 2004 Author Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety Description Judgment of the Court Files Senkung der CO2-Emissionen: Dieses Ziel mchten auch die Wissenschaftler*innen am Lehrstuhl Thermische Turbomaschinen und Flugtriebwerke der Ruhr-Universitt Further, according to Swedish Match, the prohibition of tobacco products for oral use cannot be justified on public health grounds since the current scientific data, not available at the time of adoption of Council Directive 92/41/EEC of 15May 1992 amending Directive 89/622 (OJ 1992 L158, p.30), demonstrates that those products are at the lower end of the risk scale in terms of adverse health effects as compared with other smokeless tobacco products. Such national provisions shall be notified to the Commission together with the grounds for introducing them. unfairly discriminate against SF businesses because the law should apply to all locations equally. Case ID. Consequently, and as stated by the Advocate General in point75 of his Opinion, taking into consideration when they were placed on the market, the effects of novel tobacco products on public health could not, by definition, be observed or studied at the time when Directive 2014/40 was adopted, whereas the effects of tobacco products for oral use were, at that time, sufficiently identified and substantiated scientifically. Where it proves to be impossible to determine with certainty the existence or extent of the alleged risk because the results of studies conducted are inconclusive, but the likelihood of real harm to public health persists should the risk materialise, the precautionary principle justifies the adoption of restrictive measures (judgment of 9June 2016, Pesce and Others, C78/16 andC79/16, EU:C:2016:428, paragraph47 and the case-law cited). Legal context 3 Recital 32 of Directive 2014/40 states: Costs incurred in submitting observations to the Court, other than the costs of those parties, are not recoverable. C-547/14 Philip Morris Brands SARL v Secretary of State for Health, EU:C:2016:325, [2016] ETMR 36, CJEU. As a party granted leave to intervene in the main proceedings, the New Nicotine Alliance (NNA), a registered charity whose objective is to promote public health by means of tobacco harm reduction, claims before the referring court that the prohibition on the placing of tobacco products for oral use on the market is contrary to the principle of proportionality and is in breach of Articles1, 7 and35 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (the Charter). Such a prohibition is an unsuitable means of achieving the objective of public health protection, since it deprives consumers who want to avoid the consumption of cigarettes and other tobacco products for smoking of the option of using a less toxic product, as shown by the success of electronic cigarettes and the scientific evidence on the harmful effects of tobacco in Sweden. 3 breach of Articles 1, 7 and 35 of [the Charter]?. Council Directive 89/622/EEC [of 13November 1989 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States concerning the labelling of tobacco products (OJ 1989 L359, p.1)] prohibited the sale in the Member States of certain types of tobacco for oral use. The validity of Article1(c) and Article17 of Directive2014/40 having regard to Articles1, 7 and35 of the Charter. The validity of Article1(c) and Article17 of Directive 2014/40 having regard to the principle of equal treatment. The Supreme Court will make a decision on the legality of Biden's plan by June. Fernlund and S.Rodin (Rapporteur), Judges. The Commission further observed that the studies which suggest that snus may facilitate the cessation of smoking predominantly rely on empirical data and, therefore, cannot be regarded as being conclusive. Tobacco products for oral use remain harmful to health, are addictive and are attractive to young people. Request for a preliminary ruling from the High Court of Justice (England & Wales), Queen's Bench Division (Administrative Court). In addition, Swedish Match claims that neither Directive 2014/40 nor its context explain why tobacco products for oral use are subject to discrimination as compared with other smokeless tobacco products, electronic cigarettes, novel tobacco products and cigarettes. In those judgments, the Court held that the particular situation of the tobacco products for oral use referred to in Article2 of Directive 2001/37 permitted a difference in their treatment, and it could not validly be argued that there was a breach of the principle of non-discrimination. Swedish Match challenged the ban of snus (tobacco for oral use) in the EU and failed before Now it sought to challenge the prohibition again in light of scientific developments One ground of challenge was whether then Article 95 EC (now Article 114 TFEU) is the appropriate legal basis for the directive Outcome In order to challenge the validity of Article1(c) and Article17 of Directive 2014/40 having regard to the principle of proportionality, Swedish Match and the NNA refer, as is stated in the order for reference, to recent scientific studies which, from their perspective, demonstrated that tobacco products for oral use, including snus, are less harmful than other tobacco products, that they are less addictive than the latter and that they facilitate the cessation of smoking. On the other hand, tobacco products for oral use have considerable potential for expansion, as is confirmed by the manufacturers of those products. The tobacco industry may argue that regulations amount to a taking of property rights because they prevent the use of intellectual property such as trademarks. Neutral citation number [2017] UKSC 41. Given that, if the prohibition on placing on the market tobacco products for oral use were to be lifted, the positive effects would be uncertain with respect to the health of consumers seeking to use those products as an aid to the cessation of smoking and, moreover, there would be risks to the health of other consumers, particularly young people, requiring the adoption, in accordance with the precautionary principle, of restrictive measures, Article1(c) and Article17 of Directive 2014/40 cannot be regarded as being manifestly inappropriate to the objective of ensuring a high level of public health. The entity that produces matches in Sweden, Swedish Match Industries AB, is since 2009 certified according to the Forest Stewardship Council chain of custody standard and the standard for controlled wood. Measures to regulate the marketing on tobacco packages. Swedish Match AB (publ), SE-118 85 Stockholm Visiting address: Rosenlundsgatan 36, Telephone: + 46 8 658 02 00 Corporate Identity Number: 556015-0756 www.swedishmatch.com ____________ For further information, please contact: Bo Aulin, Senior Vice President, Secretary and General Counsel Office +46 8 658 03 64, Mobile +46 70 558 03 64 Miguel Cardona said Biden's team made a "powerful defense" of the relief. breach of the EU general principle of proportionality; iii. Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 14 December 2004.#The Queen, on the application of: Swedish Match AB and Swedish Match UK Ltd v Secretary of State for Health.#Reference for a preliminary ruling: High Court of Justice (England & Wales), Queen's Bench Division (Administrative Court) - United Kingdom.#Directive 2001/37/EC - Manufacture, presentation and sale of tobacco products - Article 8 - Prohibition of placing on the market of tobacco products for oral use - Validity - Interpretation of Articles 28 EC to 30 EC - Compatibility of national legislation laying down the same prohibition.#Case C-210/03. Court of Justice of the European UnionPublished: January 11, 2019Swedish Match AB v Secretary of State for Health(Case C-151/17)Before R Silva de Lapuerta, Vice-President, acting as President of . Registrar: M.Ferreira, Principal Administrator. Consequently, having thus taken into account all the scientific studies referred to in the impact assessment, the Commission considered that the precautionary principle justified maintaining the prohibition on placing tobacco products for oral use on the market. Moreover, Swedish Match claims that there is no evidence to support the idea that the consumption of tobacco products for oral use is a gateway that leads to smoking tobacco. Judgment (PDF) Press summary (PDF) Judgment on BAILII (HTML version) The validity of Article1(c) and Article17 of Directive2014/40 having regard to Articles34 and35 TFEU. Look through examples of Secretary of State for Health translation in sentences, listen to pronunciation and learn grammar. European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, 2007-2023, Swedish Match AB v Secretary of State for Health, Justice, victims rights and judicial cooperation, Irregular migration, return and immigration detention, Data protection, privacy and new technologies, Support for human rights systems and defenders. It follows from the foregoing that those provisions do not involve restrictions that are disproportionate to the twofold objective pursued by Directive 2014/40, namely to facilitate the smooth functioning of the internal market in tobacco and related products and to ensure a high level of protection of public health. The Queen on the Application of Swedish Match AB, et al. Swedish Match North America LLC, U.S. District Court for the Central District of California, No. As regards the assessments of highly complex scientific and technical facts that are necessary in order to determine whether the prohibition on the placing on the market of tobacco products for oral use is proportionate, it must be recalled that the Courts of the European Union cannot substitute their assessment of that material for that of the legislature on which the FEU Treaty has placed that task. As regards the appropriateness of the prohibition on the placing on the market of tobacco products for oral use to attaining the objective of ensuring a high level of protection of public health, it must be recalled that that appropriateness cannot be assessed solely in relation to a single category of consumers (see, to that effect, judgment of 4May 2016, Philip Morris Brands and Others, C547/14, EU:C:2016:325, paragraph176). the Finnish Government, by H.Leppo, acting as Agent. Unlike public interest litigation, these cases seek to weaken health measures. Use quotation marks to search for an "exact phrase". Delivered in open court in Luxembourg on 22November 2018. Furthermore, Article5 of Protocol (No2) on the application of the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality, annexed to the EU Treaty and to the FEU Treaty, lays down guidelines for the purpose of determining whether those conditions are met (judgment of 4May 2016, Philip Morris Brands and Others, C547/14, EU:C:2016:325, paragraph215). When expanded it provides a list of search options that will switch the search inputs to match the current selection. In that regard, it must be recalled that the issue of breach of the principle of equal treatment by reason of a prohibition on placing on the market tobacco products for oral use, imposed by Directive 2001/37, has previously been the subject of the judgments of 14December 2004, Swedish Match (C210/03, EU:C:2004:802), and of 14December 2004, Arnold Andr (C434/02, EU:C:2004:800). These features are still under development; they are not fully tested, and might reduce EUR-Lex stability. Dismiss . Nor can the prohibition be justified by the novelty of snus, since novel tobacco products are not prohibited by Directive 2014/40, under Article2(14) thereof, notwithstanding that there is no scientific track record and that those products may have potential adverse health effects. In those circumstances, the High Court of Justice of England and Wales, Queens Bench Division (Administrative Court) (United Kingdom), decided to stay the proceedings and to refer the following question to the Court for a preliminary ruling: Are [Article1(c) and Article17] of Directive [2014/40] invalid by reason of: breach of the EU general principle of non-discrimination; breach of the EU general principle of proportionality; breach of Article5(3) TEU and the EU principle of subsidiarity; breach of [the second paragraph of Article296 TFEU]; breach of Articles1, 7 and35 of [the Charter]?. The Court held that the Directive properly derived its authority from Article 95 EC, which provided the community with rule-making authority to ensure the internal consistency of the community market. 20) By the question referred for a preliminary ruling, the referring court raises the issue of the validity of Article 1(c) and Article 17 of Directive 2014/40, having regard to the principles of equal treatment, proportionality and subsidiarity, the obligation to state reasons laid down in the second paragraph of Article 296 TFEU, Articles 34 and 35 TFEU and Articles 1, 7 and 35 of the Charter. Swedish Match AB engages in the manufacture and trade of lighters and tobacco products. In that regard, the Commission stated, first, that, even though scientific studies indicate that smokeless tobacco products are less dangerous to health than those involving combustion, it remains the case that all smokeless tobacco products contain carcinogens, it has not been scientifically established that the levels of those carcinogens in tobacco products for oral use is such as to diminish the risk of cancer, they increase the risk of fatal myocardial infarction, and there are some indications that their use is associated with pregnancy complications. In a certain land subject to us, all kinds of pepper is gathered, and is exchanged for corn and bread, leather and cloth. Education Sec. By the question referred for a preliminary ruling, the referring court raises the issue of the validity of Article1(c) and Article17 of Directive 2014/40, having regard to the principles of equal treatment, proportionality and subsidiarity, the obligation to state reasons laid down in the second paragraph of Article296 TFEU, Articles34 and35 TFEU and Articles1, 7 and35 of the Charter. In that regard, as stated in paragraph40 of the present judgment, Directive 2014/40 pursues a twofold objective, in that it seeks to facilitate the smooth functioning of the internal market for tobacco and related products, while ensuring a high level of protection of human health, especially for young people (judgment of 4May 2016, Philip Morris Brands and Others, C547/14, EU:C:2016:325, paragraph220). In that context, it remains likely that Member States may be led to adopt various laws, regulations and administrative provisions designed to bring to an end the expansion in the consumption of tobacco products for oral use. Shop at AmazonSmile and Reference for a preliminary ruling: High Court . List of documents. Court reports general 'Information on unpublished decisions' section, 22November 2018( Il ricorso del Secretary of State for Health verteva invece sulla pertinenza dell'art. [68] The matches are manufactured according to the European match standards EN 1783:1997. Swedish Match AB v Secretary of State for Health, intervener: New Nicotine Alliance (Request for a preliminary ruling from the High Court of Justice (England & Wales), Queen's Bench Division (Administrative Court) (United Kingdom)) (Reference for a preliminary ruling Approximation of laws Manufacture, presentation and sale of . It is stated in the order for reference that Swedish Match challenges the validity of Article1(c) and Article17 of Directive 2014/40 having regard to the principle of subsidiarity, because of the fact that the general and absolute prohibition on the placing on the market of tobacco products for oral use deprives Member States of any discretion in their legislation and imposes a uniform body of rules, with no consideration of the individual circumstances of the Member States, with the exception of the Kingdom of Sweden. Moreover, leaving aside the fact that the Court has not yet had occasion to give a ruling on the validity of Article1(c) and Article17 of Directive 2014/40, Swedish Match argues that the judgment of 14December 2004, Swedish Match (C210/03, EU:C:2004:802), is not applicable to the main proceedings, since recent scientific evidence on the allegedly harmful effects of tobacco products for oral use contradicts what is said in that judgment, the rules introduced by Directive 2014/40 are significantly different from those established by Directive 2001/37 and, last, there have been extensive changes in the market for tobacco products since that judgment. ies and towns where many buildings are Turkey-Syria (2023) . Join now Sign in Dr. Suwanna Gauntlett's Post Dr. Suwanna Gauntlett Chief Executive Officer at Wildlife Alliance . It follows from all the foregoing that consideration of the question referred has disclosed nothing capable of affecting the validity of Article1(c) and Article17 of Directive 2014/40. the United Kingdom Government, by S.Brandon, acting as Agent, and by I.Rogers QC. Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 14 December 2004.The Queen, on the application of: Swedish Match AB and Swedish Match UK Ltd v Secretary of State for Health.Reference for a preliminary ruling: High Court of Justice (England & Wales), Queen's Bench Division (Administrative Court) - United Kingdom.Directive 2001/37/EC - Manufacture, presentation and sale of tobacco products - Article 8 - Prohibition of placing on the market of tobacco products for oral use - Validity - Interpretation of Articles 28 EC to 30 EC - Compatibility of national legislation laying down the same prohibition.Case C-210/03. On that point, the precautionary principle cannot be relied on, since that prohibition is not consistent with permitting the placing on the market of other tobacco products, the toxicity of which, however, according to the current scientific evidence, is higher. In this instance, even if it were the case, as claimed by Swedish Match and the NNA, that Article1(c) and Article17 of Directive 2014/40 limit fundamental rights, such a limitation is provided for by law, respects the essence of those rights and is compatible with the principle of proportionality. A discussion on whether current scientific evidence is sufficient to justify the regulatory measures. In his defence, the Secretary of State for Health considers that a reference to the Court for a preliminary ruling on the validity of Article1(c) and Article17 of Directive 2014/40 is appropriate, and states, in particular, that the Court alone has the power to declare that a directive or a part of it is invalid. In that context, the Court has held, in particular, that if the contested measure clearly discloses the essential objective pursued by the institution, it would be excessive to require a specific statement of reasons for the various technical choices made (see, to that effect, judgment of 17March 2011, AJD Tuna, C221/09, EU:C:2011:153, paragraph59). Accordingly, the criterion to be applied is not whether a measure adopted in such an area was the only or the best possible measure, since its legality can be affected only if the measure is manifestly inappropriate having regard to the objective which the competent institutions are seeking to pursue (see, to that effect, judgment of 4May 2016, Pillbox 38, C477/14, EU:C:2016:324, paragraph49). EN. ( *1 Here grows the plant Assidos, which, when worn by any one, protects him from the evil spirit, forcing it to state its business and name; consequently the foul spirits keep out of the way there. Again, the fact that tobacco products for oral use are produced for the mass market cannot justify the discrimination to which they are subject, since other products falling within the scope of that directive, in particular other smokeless tobacco products, electronic cigarettes and novel tobacco products, are also produced for the mass market. Swedish Match I: Case C-210/03, R (Swedish Match AB) v Secretary of State for Health ( "Swedish Match I") EU:C:2004:802 was a challenge to Directive 2001/37/EC, which prohibited the sale of oral tobacco in UK, couldn't buy or sell unless it's Sweden. Snus forms part, together with other tobacco harm reduction products, already available in the United Kingdom, of a coherent tobacco harm reduction strategy. Moreover, tobacco products for oral use are particularly dangerous for minors because of the fact that their consumption is hardly noticeable. In that regard, while it is true that the prohibition on the placing on the market of tobacco products for oral use constitutes a restriction, within the meaning of Articles34 and35 TFEU, such a restriction is clearly justified, as stated above, on grounds of protection of public health, is not in breach of the principles of equal treatment and proportionality, and satisfies the obligation to state reasons. The Court observed in paragraph37 of its judgment of 14December 2004, Swedish Match (C210/03, EU:C:2004:802), that there were differences, at the time of adoption of Directive 92/41, between the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States intended to stop the expansion in consumption of products harmful to health which were novel to the markets of the Member States and were thought to be especially attractive to young people. It was thus open to the EU legislature, in the exercise of that discretion, to proceed towards harmonisation only in stages and to require only the gradual abolition of unilateral measures adopted by the Member States (judgment of 4May 2016, Philip Morris Brands and Others, C547/14, EU:C:2016:325, paragraph63). Subsequent regulations exceed the scope of the originating law. C-151/17 ECLI:EU:C:2018:938 62017CJ0151. Case C-151/17, Swedish Match AB v Secretary of State for Health, ECLI:EU: C:2018:938 The prohibition on the placing on the market of tobacco for oral use is not in breach of the EU general principles of non-discrimination, proportionality and subsidiarity, of Articles 296, 34 and 35 TFEU and of Articles 1, 7 and 35 of the Charter. ** I. Use quotation marks to search for an "exact phrase". Look through examples of state of health translation in sentences, listen to pronunciation and learn grammar. 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